动物机器人:研究基础、关键技术及发展预测  被引量:2

Animal robots:Research foundation,key technologies and development forecasts

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作  者:方轲 梅皓 宋逸[1] 王周义[1] 戴振东[1] Ke Fang;Hao Mei;Yi Song;Zhouyi Wang;Zhendong Dai(Institute of Bio-inspired Structure and Surface Engineering,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区:[1]南京航空航天大学机电学院仿生结构与材料防护研究所,南京210016

出  处:《科学通报》2022年第21期2535-2552,共18页Chinese Science Bulletin

基  金:国家重点研发计划(2020YFB1313504)资助。

摘  要:动物机器人利用动物固有的感知、运动、能量供应和神经系统,通过神经信息干预,实现对生物运动行为的控制.这类特殊的机器人在运动稳定性、灵活性、环境适应性和自身运动能量供应等方面保持了天然的优势,具有重要的应用价值;同时,该研究涉及动物运动神经网络及外部调控信息与固有运动神经信息的交互作用机制等重大理论问题,是神经科学和机器人交互领域的重要研究方向.该研究高度融合了动物智能和机器智能,涉及动物行为学、神经科学、微机电技术、力学和通信技术等,是多学科交叉融合的前沿领域.本文回顾动物运动神经系统与运动行为调控之间的关系,系统梳理不同动物机器人的运动调控方法及系统构成,总结活动在水、陆、空不同空间中典型动物运动行为调控的研究进展,归纳分析动物机器人研究在运动调控方法、微电极植入、微刺激系统、通信导航和能量供应等研究中面临的关键问题,并预测未来的发展趋势.Animal robots are a class of bio-syncretic robots with the visual,auditory and tactile perception capabilities of animals.They make use of the animal’s inherent motor system and act directly on specific brain regions(nucleus)or nervous systems of animal carriers through simulated neural signals to induce neuronal activity in the relevant functional brain regions in order to achieve motor behavior control of the carriers.This type of special robots has natural and significant advantages in many aspects such as locomotor stability,flexibility,environmental adaptability and energy supply for its locomotion,overcoming the difficulties of traditional bionic robots in terms of distribution drive,environmental perception and energy supply.It has significant theoretical and application values and is one of the important research directions in the development of robotics.The research was highly integrated with animal intelligence and machine intelligence,involving animal behavior,neuroscience,microelectromechanical technology,mechanics and communication technology,and is a frontier area of multidisciplinary integration.These robots are expected to perform tasks that are not possible for humans or traditional bionic robots.It can be used in the field of public security to perform tasks such as counter-terrorism,search and rescue,and temporal awareness.In the civilian field,it can be widely used in environmental surveys and detection of confined spaces.In scientific research,it can be used as a research tool to explore the structure of motor neural networks and unknown areas such as neural information interaction patterns,neuroplasticity and functional repair.In this paper,we review the development of animal locomotor behavior regulation in the past 20 years,systematically sort out the relationship between the animal locomotor nervous system and the locomotor behavior regulation,and briefly summarize the neural mechanisms of animal locomotor regulation,the generation and transmission of animal locomotor regulation signals

关 键 词:动物运动调控 动物机器人 微刺激系统 运动神经调控系统 

分 类 号:TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]

 

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