功能化二氧化硅纳米材料在肿瘤治疗领域的应用  

Biofunctionalized mesoporous silica nanocarriers and the applications in tumor therapy

作　　者：王小妮 魏娟娟 欧阳津 那娜 Xiaoni Wang;Juanjuan Wei;Jin Ouyang;Na Na(Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals,Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ningxia Normal University,Guyuan 756000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学化学学院,放射性药物教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [2]宁夏师范学院化学化工学院,固原756000

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第20期2333-2351,共19页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21874012,21974010);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1805600);宁夏重点研发计划(2019BEG03062)资助。

摘　　要：纳米材料(如脂质体、聚合物胶束、树枝状聚合物)基于其良好的物理化学特性,在药物递送、成像诊断等肿瘤诊疗领域拥有巨大的应用前景.其中,介孔二氧化硅纳米材料(mesoporous silica nanomaterials,MSNs)具有独特的孔径结构、较大的比表面积,并且其粒径大小、形貌结构易于调控,同时结合多种修饰手段,在生物医学领域引起了广泛的关注.MSNs材料功能化修饰后,可作为化学药物、基因、核酸、多肽、蛋白酶等治疗药物载体,在内、外源性刺激触发下,对肿瘤部位进行特异性靶向识别和可控性药物释放,使得肿瘤诊疗一体化成为可能.本文在对MSNs材料独特的物理化学特性进行介绍的基础上,综述了其在现代生物医学中的发展趋势,并展望了其在临床应用中的巨大潜力.Nanomaterials(such as liposomes,polymer micelles,dendrimers),with their unique physical-chemical properties,have exhibited great potential in tumor diagnosis and treatments.Mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are particularly attractive in the drug delivery,imaging diagnosis and other tumor diagnosis fields.Considering MSNs are easily to be functionalized and regulated with designed morphology,surface area,pore sizes,they have attracted widespread attention in biomedicine fields.Various MSNs with morphology,pore diameters,pore arrangements and large surface area have been developed and synthesized for biological applications.Especially,the porous structure of silica nanomaterials provides a large number of pores for loading and releasing various biomolecules and therapeutic drugs,including chemotherapeutic drugs,genes,nucleic acids,peptides,proteases,antibodies,etc.This is also the direct reason why it has become an ideal drug delivery system to overcome defects of some traditional delivery pathways.For better applications,the materials should be functionalized to improve the biocompatibility of MSNs.What’s more,functionalized MSNs are usually modified with organic,inorganic molecules,polymers and other metal nanoparticles to provide their ability to load and release drug molecules on-demand.Furthermore,via optimizations on both loading mode and reaction conditions,the drug specificity,treatment performance,in vivo solubility or stability can be improved.In addition,the side effects caused by adverse pharmacokinetics could also be decreased.Thereafter,MSNs can trigger the targeted recognition and controlled release for tumor diagnosis and treatment.After entering the organism,the accurate and large-scale delivery of drugs into tumor tissue remains an urgent problem.By means of passive and active targeting,MSNs can be delivered to the tumor sites so as to improve the therapeutic efficiency.More importantly,the intelligent delivery of drugs would be an ideal strategy to release therapeutic drugs as needed after

关 键 词：介孔二氧化硅纳米材料 功能化修饰 药物递送 肿瘤诊断治疗 生物成像检测 

分 类 号：R73-36[医药卫生—肿瘤] TQ127.2[医药卫生—临床医学] TB383.1[化学工程—无机化工]