中国西南山区稻作梯田的时空演化——以苗岭西江镇和加榜乡为例  

Spatio-temporal evolution of rice terraces in mountainous areas of Southwest China:A case study of Xijiang and Jiabang townships,Miaoling

作　　者：余梦 李阳兵[1] 罗光杰[2] 张涵 徐倩 余李敏 YU Meng;LI Yangbing;LUO Guangjie;ZHANG Han;XU Qian;YU Limin(School of Geography and Env ironmental Science.Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed,Guizhou Education,Universiy,Guiyang 550018,China;School of Intermational Tourism and Culture,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州师范学院贵州省流域地理国情监测重点实验室,贵阳550018 [3]贵州师范大学国际旅游文化学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《地理研究》2022年第8期2184-2202,共19页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42061035);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2021]A22)。

摘　　要：稻作梯田是中国南方山区重要的土地利用方式,分析其时空变化规律,对区域土地资源利用、生态环境保护以及农村农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于多源数据获取苗岭山区西江镇(1977—2020年)和加榜乡(1962—2020年)的土地利用分类图,运用景观指数、空间分析和样带分析等方法,研究稻作梯田时空格局与功能的演化特征,以揭示稻田利用与人地关系演变过程及其特殊性变化。结果表明:(1)研究区稻田规模长期稳定发展,但近年整体规模有所缩小,斑块破碎化趋势逐渐凸显。在2000年前稻田分布表现出同时向高、低海拔及微坡至急陡坡扩展,2000年后呈反向收缩趋势,种植强度呈相同的变化规律。(2)研究区稻田核密度的空间分布,表现出小规模高密度集聚与大规模中低密度分布并存的格局。自2000年以来,两地稻田核密度以小幅变化为主,有明显的“东北-西南”向分布特性。(3)在生产用地导向阶段,大面积林地转为稻田;在生态-经济复合用地导向阶段,稻田规模保持稳定。(4)聚田比指数显示研究区“人多田少型”占比不断上升,这表明部分地区人地矛盾日渐凸显,以西江镇的变化最为强烈。(5)依据“林-田-村-河”四素同构的样带分析,稻田功能经历了“生产-生态、经济”的演变过程,与旅游业发展关系密切。研究结果较全面反映了研究区稻作梯田的时空演化特征,有助于促进山区传统稻田资源优化利用和保护传承,在一定程度上为乡村振兴发展提供借鉴。Rice terraces are an important land use way in mountainous areas of southern China,so analyzing its spatio-temporal change law is of great significance to regional land resource utilization,eco-environmental protection,and sustainable agricultural development.Based on multi-source data,we obtain the land use classification maps of Xijiang Township(1977-2020)and Jiabang Township(1962-2020)in the Miaoling Mountains.We use landscape index,spatial analysis and sample transect analysis methods to examine the spatio-temporal pattern and function evolution of rice terraces,and to reveal the evolution and particularity of rice field use and human-land relationship.The results show that:(1)The scale of the rice fields in the study area has been developing steadily for a long time,but the overall scale has decreased in recent years,and the trend of patch fragmentation has gradually become prominent.Before 2000,the distribution of rice fields expanded to high and low altitudes,from a slight slope to a sharp slope.After 2000,the distribution of rice fields showed a shrinking trend,and the planting intensity presented the same change pattern.(2)The spatial distribution of rice field kernel density showed a pattern of co-existence of small-scale high-density cluster area and largescale medium-low density distribution.Since 2000,the kernel density of the rice fields has changed slightly,and the distribution of the rice fields is from northeast to southwest.(3)In the productive land-oriented stage,a large area of forest land is converted into rice fields;in the ecological-economic compound land-oriented stage,the rice field scale remains stable.(4)The ration index shows that the proportion of“more people and fewer fields”type is increasing,indicating that the human-land contradiction in some areas is increasingly prominent,especially in Xijiang Township.(5)According to the analysis of the four-element isomorphic transect of“forest-terraces-village-river”,the function of the rice fields has undergone a process of“produc

关 键 词：稻作梯田 时空演化 景观生态 苗岭山区 黔东南 

分 类 号：S284[农业科学—农业水土工程] F323.211[农业科学—农业工程]