世界铂钯矿选矿技术研究进展  

Research Progress of Global Platinum-palladium Ore Beneficiation Technology

作　　者：于保强 刘敬智 王怀 杨思敏 胡学平 YU Baoqiang;LIU Jingzhi;WANG Huai;YANG Simin;HU Xueping(Norin Mining Limited,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]北方矿业有限责任公司,北京100053

出　　处：《金属矿山》2022年第8期151-160,共10页Metal Mine

摘　　要：我国铂族资源非常匮乏,随着我国对海外铂族金属矿山的开发,如何实现对铂族金属资源的高效回收利用显得尤为重要。对目前铂钯矿的选矿工艺、选矿药剂以及选矿过程影响因素进行了综述,以期为今后铂钯矿选矿技术相关研究提供借鉴和参考。对于硫化型铂钯矿,浮选法仍然是最主要的选矿方法,包括一段磨浮、阶段磨浮、重浮联合流程以及闪速浮选等。对于氧化型铂钯矿,其处理方法有直接浮选、硫化浮选、酸化预处理浮选以及氰化浸出、酸浸法和微生物浸出。铂钯矿常用的捕收剂为黄药和黑药,也有采用螯合类捕收剂进行复配使用,常用的抑制剂为水玻璃和羧甲基纤维素(CMC),硫酸铜是最主要的活化剂,甲基异丁基甲醇(MIBC)和松醇油是最常用的起泡剂,还有学者研发了纳米二氧化硅基起泡剂。此外,铂钯矿选矿过程中磨矿介质、磨矿环境、矿浆离子强度、矿浆电位都会对铂族金属元素的回收造成影响。未来铂钯矿选矿技术的研究应重点关注铂钯矿物或铂钯载体矿物的矿物学特性研究、新型高效浮选药剂的设计和筛选、浮选工艺的优化以及新型高效选矿设备的研发。China is very poor in platinum group resources,and it is of great importance to effectively recover platinum group resources with the exploitation of oversea platinum group mine.Aiming to provide references for future research on platinum-palladium ore beneficiation,present process flow,reagents and influencing factors were summarized.Flotation is still the chief method when handling sulfide platinum-palladium ore,including single-stage grinding flotation,multistage grinding flotation,gravity separation-flotation and flash flotation,etc.As for oxide platinum-palladium ore,direct flotation,sulfidation flotation,acid pretreatment flotation,cyanide leaching,acid leaching and bioleaching could be used for platinum group elements(PGE)extraction.The most commonly used collectors for platinum-palladium ore are xanthates,Di-thiophosphate,and chelating collectors could be used as co-collectors.Sodium silicate and CMC are commonly used as depressants for gangue minerals,and CuSO_(4) is primarily used as activator.MIBC and terpineol are most commonly used as frother during platinum-palladium ore flotation,and some scholars even developed nano-based frother to generate micro bubbles.Grinding media,grinding environment,ionic strength and electrical potential of pulp also have influence on PGE recovery.Future research on platinum-palladium ore beneficiation should focus on the mineralogy of PGE minerals or PGE bearing sulfide minerals,novel reagents development,optimization of comminution and flotation process flow and designing beneficiation equipments with high efficiency.

关 键 词：铂钯矿 选矿工艺 浮选药剂 磨矿介质和环境 矿浆电位 离子强度 

分 类 号：TD953[矿业工程—选矿]