合成生物学构建微生物工程菌研究进展  

Progress in the Research of Synthetic Biology in Construction of Engineered Microorganisms

作　　者：高欣 柳羽哲 江泽沅 曾琦 刘诗梦 刘晓婷 闵伟红 GAO Xin;LIU Yuzhe;JIANG Zeyuan;ZENG Qi;LIU Shimeng;LIU Xiaoting;MIN Weihong(National Engineering Laboratory on Wheat and Corn Further Processing,College of Food Science and Engineering,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学食品科学与工程学院,小麦和玉米深加工国家工程实验室,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《食品科学》2022年第15期256-264,共9页Food Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31771957)。

摘　　要：合成生物学作为21世纪多领域交叉的新兴学科,在探索生命活动基本规律和生物技术的创新突破上大有助益。合成生物技术是构建工程菌的新型手段,这种技术被广泛用于生产多种目标产物,如氨基酸、有机酸、芳香族化合物、糖类等。利用先进的模块和系统设计以及新的基因组编辑方法,对模式工程菌中复杂的代谢途径进行工程化改造,可高效提升重组工程菌中目的产物的产量,促进社会生产力高速发展。本文综述了利用合成生物学构建微生物工程菌的最新进展,阐述了合成生物技术的发展历程,提供了微生物工程菌构建的主要应用实例。随着对工程菌研究的深入,合成生物学技术将为发酵产业带来全新的突破与机遇。As a new interdisciplinary subject that covers many fields in the 21st century,synthetic biology is of great help in exploring the basic laws of life activities and biotechnological innovations and breakthroughs.Synthetic biotechnology is a new approach to construct engineered microorganisms.It has been widely used to produce amino acids,organic acids,aromatic compounds,sugars,and so on.The yield of target products produced by recombinant engineered microorganisms can be efficiently increased by using advanced modules,systematic design and new genome editing methods to engineer the complex metabolic pathways in type strains,promoting the rapid development of social productivity.In this paper,the latest advances in the application of synthetic biology for the construction of engineered microorganism are reviewed,the developmental course of synthetic biotechnology is elaborated,and its application for the construction of engineered microorganism is exemplified.With the deepening of research on engineered microorganisms,synthetic biotechnology will bring new breakthroughs and opportunities for the fermentation industry.

关 键 词：合成生物学 基因编辑 代谢调控 工程菌构建 

分 类 号：Q815[生物学—生物工程]