氮肥与复硝酚钠复配对南方大豆光合特性和产量及品质的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and sodium nitratol on photosynthetic characteristics and yield quality in southern soybean

作　　者：郝青南[1] 杨芳 汪嫒嫒 龙泽福[3] 杨中路[1] 陈海峰[1] 单志慧[1] 邓军波 周新安[1] HAO Qing-nan;YANG Fang;WANG Ai-ai;LONG Ze-fu;YANG Zhong-lu;CHEN Hai-feng;SHAN Zhi-hui;DENG Jun-bo;ZHOU Xin-an(Institute of Oil Crops Research,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Wuhan 430062,China;Jingmen Institute of Agriculture Science,Jingmen 448000,China;Honghu Agricultural Technology Center,Honghu 433200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,湖北武汉430062 [2]荆门(中国农谷)农业科学研究院,湖北荆门448000 [3]洪湖市农业技术推广中心,湖北洪湖433200

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2022年第3期610-620,共11页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000900)。

摘　　要：为确定南方大豆增产增效的栽培管理措施及光合特性与产量品质的相关性,本研究以5个南方主栽大豆品种为材料,于初花期(R1)和鼓粒期(R5)进行叶面喷施不同浓度的尿素和复硝酚钠,试验设置5个处理,3个种植区域,每个种植区3次重复,通过2年的数据,研究了叶面喷施氮肥以及氮肥与复硝酚钠复配对南方大豆品种产量、品质以及光合特性的影响。结果表明,增施氮肥可以提高南方大豆各品种的叶绿素SPAD值、净光合速率等光合特性,可提高单株有效荚数、单株粒重等产量构成因素进而提高大豆的产量;同时,氮肥与复硝酚钠复配与单独施用氮肥相比可使油6019、中豆44、中豆41和中豆63的产量增加,对脂肪和蛋白含量影响较小,对高蛋白品种皖豆28未起到增产的效果,但可使脂肪含量有所增加;经过氮素处理后,油6019的产量与品质呈现正相关性。综上所述,氮肥与复硝酚钠复配喷施具有进一步协同提高南方大豆品种产量和品质潜力,但由于对不同品种作用效果存在差异,针对不同基因型大豆品种需要制定最佳的处理方案。In order to clarify the effects of different compounding of sodium nitrophenolate and nitrogen levels on soybean growth,and promote the practical application of new regulators to determine the cultivation and management measures.Five south main soybean varieties were used as experimental materials to study the effects of different concentration gradient of compounding of sodium nitrophenolate and nitrogen levels spraying on soybean photosynthetic physiological characteristics,yield and quality by field experiments.The effects of compounding of sodium nitrophenolate and nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics yield and quality of soybean were analyzed by measuring leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_(2) concentration in the early flowering stage(R1)and granulation stage(R5).The experiment was carried out in a field split plot design with three replicates,five nitrogen treatments and three experiment areas.The results showed that SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,effective pod number per plant,grain weight per plant,other yield components,and the yield of South China soybean varieties were increased under the application of nitrogen.In addition,the yield of You 6019,Zhongdou 44,Zhongdou 41 and Zhongdou 63 were increased under the combination of nitrogenous fertilizer and sodium nitrophenolate,but fat and protein levels did not change much.The yield of Wandou 28 was not increased,but the fat and protein content were increased.After nitrogen treatment,there was a positive correlation between yield and quality of You 6019.In conclusion,the combined spraying of nitrogen fertilizer and sodium nitrophenol has the potential to further synergically improve the yield and quality of soybean varieties in southern China.However,due to the different effects on different varieties,the best treatment plan should be developed for different soybean varieties with different genotypes.

关 键 词：南方大豆 复硝酚钠 光合特性 产量和品质 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]