植物甘油脂合成途径第一步酰化反应的研究进展  

Advance in studies on the initial step of the glycerolipid biosynthetic pathway in plants

作　　者：韩妮莎 丁硕 郑月萍 魏琳燕 柯星星 刘宏波[2] 刘娟[3] 郑志富 HAN Ni-sha;DING Shuo;ZHENG Yue-ping;WEI Lin-yan;KE Xing-xing;LIU Hong-bo;LIU Juan;ZHENG Zhi-fu(College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Industrial Crop Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江农林大学现代农学院,浙江杭州311300 [3]河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2022年第4期699-711,共13页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000906-3);浙江省自然科学基金项目(Q21C020003,LY21C130001)。

摘　　要：甘油脂是生物膜的主要组成成分,参与能量与信号转导、蛋白转运等一系列生物学过程,在植物的生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。3-磷酸甘油酰基转移酶(Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase,GPAT)催化磷脂酸从头生物合成的第一步关键反应,磷脂酸不仅是膜脂与中性三酰甘油的合成前体,同时还是一个重要的信号分子。然而,目前仍不清楚植物中GPAT酶究竟由多少基因编码的,造成这种现象的一个主要原因是缺乏可简易且有效地鉴定此酶的方法。本文分析总结甘油脂生物合成及GPAT基因克隆与鉴定的研究进展;随后介绍GPATs的鉴定方法,特别是酵母遗传互补法的建立与运用;最后对甘油脂合成途径第一步反应的未来研究进行展望。Glycerolipids are the main constituents of biological membranes,which participate in a variety of biological processes including energy and signal transduction and protein transport,thereby playing many important roles during plant growth and development.Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(GPAT)catalyzes the initial committed step in de novo biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid(PA).PA not only serves as a general precursor for the biosynthesis of membrane glycerolipids and the neutral lipid triacylglycerols,but also acts as an important signal molecule.So far,however,it has remained unclear how many genes encoding GPATs are present in plants,mainly due to the lack of convenient and effective methods for identification of this enzyme.In this review,we analyze and summarize the recent advance in studies on glycerolipid biosynthesis as well as on cloning and characterization of GPAT genes,then introduce the methods used for characterizing GPATs,especially for the development and application of yeast genetic complementation,and finally present our prospects for future studies on the initial step of the glycerolipid biosynthetic pathway.

关 键 词：甘油脂代谢 3-磷酸甘油酰基转移酶 遗传互补 酶学分析 植物 酵母 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]