作为集体责任的民族责任如何可能?——以戴维·米勒的社群主义解答为例  

How Is the National Responsibility as a Collective Responsibility Possible?Taking David Miller’s Communitarian Solution as an Example

作　　者：毛兴贵[1] 金琦 MAO Xinggui;JIN Qi

机构地区：[1]西南大学哲学系 [2]西南大学西方马克思主义研究所

出　　处：《哲学分析》2022年第4期123-136,198,199,共16页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：在当代政治哲学中,民族成员是否要为本民族过去和现在的行为承担责任这个问题引起哲学家们的激烈讨论。社群主义代表人物戴维·米勒构建了民族责任理论以证明民族成员对民族行为负有责任,他指出符合志趣相投群体模式和合作实践模式的集体应承担集体责任,又因民族的特征与两种模式相符,故民族应该负有集体责任。他的理论为我们理解民族责任打开了新的视野,但仍面临两个亟须解决的理论困境:一是两种集体责任模式本身能否成立的问题,二是民族是否符合两种模式的特征问题。In contemporary political philosophy,the question of whether members of a nation are responsible for the past and present actions of their own nation has been heatedly debated by philosophers.David Miller,a representative of communitarianism,has constructed a theory of national responsibility to demonstrate that members of a nation are responsible for the actions of the nation.He points out that collectives conforming to the like-minded group model and the cooperative practice model should bear collective responsibility,and because the characteristics of national groups are consistent with the two models,national groups should have collective responsibility.His theory opens up new horizons in our understanding of national responsibility,but it still faces two pressing theoretical dilemmas:the question of whether the two models of collective responsibility are valid in their own right,and the question of whether national groups fit the characteristics of the two models.

关 键 词：民族责任 集体责任 志趣相投群体模式 合作实践模式 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]