不同木薯叶营养成分对饲养木薯蚕的影响  

Effects of cassava leaves’nutrient components on eri-silkworm breeding

作　　者：曹萌萌 杨龙[3] 陈松笔[1] 安飞飞[1] CAO Meng-meng;YANG Long;CHEN Song-bi;AN Fei-fei(Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Cassava Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;College of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210000,China;Subtropical Crops Research Institute of Guizhou,Xingyi,Guizhou 562400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部木薯种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,海南海口571101 [2]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210000 [3]贵州省亚热带作物研究所,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2022年第6期1759-1767,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000500);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(17CXTD-29);贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2019〕2358号)。

摘　　要：【目的】结合营养成分揭示不同木薯叶饲养对木薯蚕生长发育及其蚕丝纤维形态结构的影响,筛选出适宜饲养木薯蚕的木薯品种,为木薯叶饲用化提供参考依据。【方法】选用华南9号(SC9)木薯、花叶木薯、无叶柄木薯和紫叶木薯4种不同基因型木薯叶作为研究材料,以蓖麻叶为对照,分别测定叶片的可溶性糖、粗蛋白、干物率、氢氰酸、总类胡萝卜素、花青素、总黄酮等营养指标,统计经不同叶片饲养后木薯蚕五龄幼虫的体长、体重、蛹重及全茧重,并运用扫描电子显微镜观察蚕丝的形态结构。【结果】4种木薯叶的总类胡萝卜素含量、花青素含量、干物率和氢氰酸含量均高于蓖麻叶,其中紫叶木薯叶的花青素含量、总黄酮含量、干物率和氢氰酸含量显著高于其他4份材料(P<0.05,下同)。相关分析结果显示,胡萝卜素与叶绿素、总类胡萝卜素与胡萝卜素、总黄酮与花青素、可溶性糖与氢氰酸呈极显著相关(P<0.01);主成分分析发现前2个主成分的累计贡献率为87.632%,其中,第一主成分主要由干物率、叶绿素和可溶性糖决定,第二主成分主要由叶黄素和粗蛋白决定。不同基因型木薯叶饲养对木薯蚕生长发育影响显著,可显著促进木薯蚕体长增长,其中,SC9木薯叶和紫叶木薯叶饲养的木薯蚕全茧重高于蓖麻叶饲养的木薯蚕,紫叶木薯叶饲养的木薯蚕蛹重最重,结茧率高。4种基因型木薯叶饲养获得的木薯蚕丝较蓖麻叶饲养获得的木薯蚕丝宽度有所增加,其中,紫叶木薯饲养获得的蚕丝宽度最宽,且木薯蚕丝表面较完整。【结论】蓖麻叶与4种基因型木薯叶的营养成分差异显著,木薯叶饲养可显著促进木薯蚕体增长。紫叶木薯饲养的木薯蚕蛹最重、结茧率高,且蚕丝表面较完整;SC9木薯叶饲养的木薯蚕重、体长及全茧重均最高,但其饲养获得的木薯蚕丝杂质较多。可见,紫叶木薯�【Objective】To reveal the effects of feeding different cassava leaves to eri-silkworms on their growth,de-velopment and morphological structure of their silk fiber for screening cassava varieties suitable for feeding eri-silk-worms,so as to provide a reference for cassava feeding.【Method】Cassava leaves of 4 genotypes,South China 9(SC9),Manibot esculenta cv.Variegata,petiole-free cassava and purple-leaf cassava were used as materials,and castor leaves were taken as control(CK).Nutritional indexes,soluble sugar,crude protein,dry matter rate,hydrocyanic acid,total carotenoid,anthocyanin and total flavonoids were determined.Body length,body weight pupa weight and total cocoon weight of fifth instar larvae fed on different cassava leaves were measured and morphological structure of silk was ob-served by scanning electron microscope.【Result】Contents of total carotenoid,anthocyanin,hydrocyanic acid and dry matter rate in the 4 varieties of cassava leaves were higher than that of castor leaves.Contents of anthocyanin,total flavo-noids,dry matter and hydrocyanic acid content in the leaves of purple-leaf cassava were significantly higher than those of 4 other materials(P<0.05,the same below).Correlation analysis showed that significant correlations existed between carotene and chlorophyll,between carotene and total carotenoids,between total flavonoids and anthocyanin,between soluble sugar and hydrocyanic acid(P<0.01).Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 87.632%;the first principal component was determined by dry matter rate,chlo-rophyll and soluble sugar;and the second principal component was determined by lutein and crude protein.Cassava leaves of different genotypes had significant effects on the growth and development of eri-silkworm,and they can sig-nificantly increase body length of eri-silkworms.The whole cocoon weight of eri-silkworms fed on SC9 and purple-leaf cassava leaves was bigger than that of eri-silkworms fed on castor

关 键 词：木薯蚕 木薯叶 营养成分 生长发育 蚕丝 

分 类 号：S885.2[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]