Excel表格在物理实验数据处理中的应用  

The programming and application of Excel in data processing of physical experiment

作　　者：罗小成 蔡雨 王晨霖 艾正菊 冯薇 陈虎学鹰 陈湘[1] LUO Xiaocheng;CAI Yu;WANG Chenlin;AI Zhengju;FENG Wei;CHEN-HU Xueyin;CHEN Xiang(College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering,Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang,Sichuan 641100,China)

机构地区：[1]内江师范学院物理与电子信息工程学院,四川内江641100

出　　处：《内江师范学院学报》2022年第8期101-108,共8页Journal of Neijiang Normal University

基　　金：内江师范学院大学生科研项目(14NSD-61)。

摘　　要：Excel表格具有强大的数据处理功能.利用Excel表格自带函数探究了在物理实验误差处理中的直接测量数据个数统计、平均值、标准偏差、A类不确定度、B类不确定度、合成不确定度等计算方法,基于四舍六入五取偶原则,对平均值、合成不确定有效位数和修约结果求取、标准表达式的计算程序进行编写;同时,采用对数法编写了间接测量的误差传递不确定度计算程序.其次,编写了线性关系函数的最小二乘法拟合相关参数的计算程序,如截距和斜率的平均值和不确定度、相关系数等,并给出了计算结果的修约程序.实际数据显示表明,计算结果与Origin软件拟合结果完全吻合.Excel has a very powerful capacity in data processing.By use of the built-in functions of Excel,the computing methods of the directly measured statistics like the number of statistic data,the average value,standard deviation,A-class uncertainty,B-class uncertainty and composite uncertainty are investigated.Based on the rounding-off principle that the value lesser than 5 shall be rounded down,the value greater than 5 shall be rounded up and the value of 5 be taken as an even number,the calculation program of average value,the composite uncertain significant digits and rounding off result is given,and the calculation program of standard expression is compiled and explained in detail with notes.meanwhile,the calculation program of uncertainty of error transfer in indirect measurement is compiled by adopting logarithm method.Besides,the calculation program of least square fitting of linear relation function is compiled in Excel,such as the average value and uncertainty of intercept and slope,correlation coefficient,etc.,and the rounding-off program of calculation results is given.The actual data show that the results calculated by the above program are completely consistent with the fitting results of Origin software.

关 键 词：EXCEL表格 不确定度 有效位数 数据修约 最小二乘法 

分 类 号：R73-33[医药卫生—肿瘤] G642.423[医药卫生—临床医学]