多重社会范畴间的相互作用  

The Psychological Mechanism of Interaction Among Multiple Social Categories

作　　者：王沛 陈凡迪 Wang Pei;Chen Fandi(Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062;Department of Psychology,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,200234)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062 [2]上海师范大学心理学系,上海200234

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第2期506-511,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学重大招标项目“和谐医患关系的心理机制及促进技术研究”(17ZDA327)的资助。

摘　　要：社会范畴可以划分成原发性社会范畴和继发性社会范畴,二者之间存在相互作用。这种相互作用是自上而下的刻板印象重叠和自下而上的范畴线索共同造成的,并且存在对称和非对称两种表现形式。原发性和继发性社会范畴间的影响的具体表现形式暨是对称的还是非对称的尚有待进一步探索。尽管已有少量研究证明原发性和继发性社会范畴间的相互作用存在自下而上的范畴线索的作用,但仍需进一步探明刻板印象重叠在两类社会范畴的相互作用中发挥着怎样的作用。Primary categories are the inherent,naturally endowed and specific categories of human,such as sex,age,race and emotion.Secondary categories are individually acquired,environmentally impacting and abstract categories,like occupation,religion and stratum.Past research has found that the influence between primary social categories is mutual.Besides,there are two forms of interaction between primary social categories which are symmetry and asymmetry.Specifically,symmetry interaction means that category X affects the processing of category Y,and category Y also affects the processing of category X.For example,Carpinella,Chen,Hamilton and Johnson(2015) found that as faces become more feminine,people are more likely to classify faces as white and less likely to classify them as black.When category X affects the processing of category Y,and category Y does not affect the processing of category X,this situation is called "asymmetric interaction".Using the Garner paradigm,Karnadewi and Lipps(2011) found that gender affects the emotional classification of faces,that is,when the sex and emotion of the target face change simultaneously,the reaction time of individual emotional classification is slower than that of emotional change,but gender remains invariant.However,emotion does not affect the classification of gender faces.It is worth noting that when three or more categories interact,there is only symmetric interaction between the categories.Martin and his colleagues(2015) found that any two unnoticed changes in social categories increase the individual’s response to the third social category.The influence between primary social category and secondary social category is also mutual.However,up to now,there is no study that shows whether the interaction is symmetric or asymmetric.On the other hand,the interaction between primary social categories is caused by top-down social concepts such as stereotype overlapping and bottom-up category cues.Bottom-up phenotypic cues lead to interaction between categories.For example,Klot

关 键 词：社会范畴 原发性社会范畴 继发性社会范畴 刻板印象重叠效应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]