国际海底区域矿产资源开发环境管理规则制定与应对  

The establishment of environmental management rules for exploitation of mineral resources in the international seabed areas and China’s participation

作　　者：王金鹏 王春娟 刘大海 Jin-peng WANG;Chun-juan WANG;Da-hai LIU(School of Law,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;The First Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法学院,山东青岛266100 [2]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [3]自然资源部海岸带科学与综合重点实验室,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2022年第4期610-618,627,共10页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项。

摘　　要：随着国际海底区域矿产资源开发日益向现实趋近,国际海底管理局开始制订“区域”矿产资源的开发规章,对“区域”矿产资源开发及相关环境保护要求作出规定。开发规章规定了包括环境管理和监测计划以及环境管理系统在内的环境管理规则。但目前,各国围绕环境管理和监测计划的标准、环境管理系统的内涵、独立专家的权限及其意见的效力、开发活动与海底电缆管道保护的关系仍存在明显的分歧与争议。我国应积极参与开发规章环境管理规则的谈判,提出“中国方案”,主张开发规章应体现《联合国海洋法公约》及其《第十一部分执行协定》的有关规定,实现资源开发利用与生态环境保护之间的合理平衡。As exploitation of mineral resources in the international seabed areas has increasingly become a reality, the International Seabed Authority has begun to formulate regulations on the exploitation of mineral resources in the Area, and make provisions for exploitation of mineral resources and related environmental protection requirements. The exploitation regulation stipulates environmental management rules including the environmental management and monitoring plan and the environmental management system. However, there are still obvious differences and controversies between States around the standards of the environmental management and monitoring plan, the contents of environmental management systems, the duties of independent experts and the effectiveness of their opinions, and the relationship between exploitation activities and the protection of submarine cables or pipelines. China should actively participate in the negotiation of environmental management rules in the exploitation regulations, and put forward the China’s proposal,advocating that the exploitation regulation should reflect relevant provisions of the UNCLOS and its Agreement relating to the implementation of Part XI, so as to achieve a reasonable balance between the exploitation and utilization of resources and ecological and environmental protection.

关 键 词：国际海底区域 开发规章 环境管理和监测计划 环境管理系统 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学] X197[环境科学与工程—环境科学]