检察环境公益诉讼的理论优化与制度完善  

Theory Optimization and System Perfection of Prosecutorial Environmental Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：陈晓景 Chen Xiaojing

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2022年第4期288-304,共17页China Legal Science

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展法律制度体系研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD185)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2017年修正的《民事诉讼法》和《行政诉讼法》建立了现行的检察环境公益诉讼制度。然而,作为公益代表人,检察机关在保障环境公益的实践中陷入了检察监督区域性与生态环境整体性矛盾、损害救济和环境风险预防背离、维护环境公益和履行法律监督职能错位等困局。原因在于现行检察环境公益诉讼制度基于传统公益理论,将生态环境和资源保护的环境公益混同于国有财产保护、国有土地使用权出让、食品药品安全等领域的国家利益和社会公共利益。环境公益区别于社会公益、国家利益,其内涵应当是生态共同体利益。完善检察环境公益诉讼制度应明确环境公益的法律地位,增加独立于检察环境社会公共利益诉讼和国家利益诉讼的检察环境公益诉讼类型。同时健全生态系统整体保护的检察监督机制,强化环境风险预防功能,构建法律监督与环境公益维护相统一的衔接机制。The Civil Procedure Law and the Administrative Litigation Law amended in 2017 established the procuratorial environmental public interest litigation system.As the representative of environmental public interests,the procuratorial organ has some difficulties in the practice of safeguarding environmental public interests,including the contradiction between regional prosecutorial supervision and ecological environment integrity,the division of relief for environmental damage and environmental risk prevention,the mismatch to maintain environmental public interests and fulfill the legal supervision function,etc.The reason is that the current system of prosecutorial environmental public interest litigation is based on the traditional public interest theory,which confuses the environmental public interests of ecological environment and resource protection with the national interests and social public interests in the fields of state-owned assets protection,state-owned land use right transfer,and food and drug safety.The connotation of environmental public interests which are different from social public interests and national interests should be the interests of the ecological community.For the improvement of the prosecutorial environmental public interest litigation system,we should identify the legal status of environmental public interests,and add the prosecutorial environmental public interests litigation independent of prosecutorial environmental social public interest litigation and national interest litigation.At the same time,we will perfect the prosecutorial supervision mechanism for the overall protection of ecosystems,improve the prosecutorial supervision system for environmental risk prevention,and construct the connection mechanism between legal supervision and environmental public interest protection.

关 键 词：公益 环境公益 生态共同体利益 检察环境公益诉讼 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学] D925.1[政治法律—法学]