从“贞元会盟”看唐朝的盟约与“法”  

Oath and“Law”of the Tang Dynasty from the Case of “Zhenyuan Alliance”

作　　者：舒瑜[1] Shu Yu

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地,100081

出　　处：《民族研究》2022年第4期113-124,M0005,共13页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院重大科研规划项目“铸牢中华民族共同体意识重大问题研究”子项目“生态视角下中华民族共同体的立体格局”(项目编号:2020ZDGH017-MZ020)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“贞元会盟”是南诏归附唐朝系列政治活动中的关键环节,也是我国统一多民族国家形成与发展进程在西南地区的具体实践。与歃血为盟的传统盟誓不同,“贞元会盟”采取“以山川为盟”的形式,分别在点苍山和西洱河进行盟誓,两场盟誓各有其仪式目的和功能:前者采取国家祭祀的形式,建立起南诏与唐朝国家神明之间的关系,将南诏王接纳为国家神明的信众;后者采取地方祭祀的形式,建立起唐朝与南诏地方神明之间的关系,使南诏地方神明得到唐朝的认可。南诏臣属于唐朝的政治地位决定了结盟双方非对等性的特点,该盟誓的实质是通过接纳和认可的双向过程缔结双方之神与双方之人的关系,赋予联盟以“法”的约束,通过“法”的形式确定两者之间的等级关系。中央王朝与边疆地方政权之间通过盟誓确立的法权关系是理解中国古代多民族国家政治形构的重要路径。"Zhenyuan Huimeng贞元会盟"(Zhenyuan Alliance)was a key step in the series of political activities of Nanzhao's南诏annexation to the Tang Dynasty.The alliance was also the concrete practice of the formation and development of China as a unified multiethnic country in the southwest region..In contrast to traditional oaths by,the way of smearing the blood as a sign of the oath.,Zhenyuan Huimeng"took the form of sacrifices of mountains and rivers and made oaths in Diancang Mountain点苍山and Xi'er River西洱河respectively.The two oaths had their own ritual purpose and function.The former took the form of sacrifices to establish the relationship between the king of Nanzhao and the gods of the Tang Dynasty,and accept the king of Nanzhao as a believer of the gods;and the latter took the form of local sacrifices to establish the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and the local gods of Nanzhao,so that the local gods of Nanzhao were accepted by the Tang Dynasty:The political status of Nanzhao's annexation to the Tang Dynasty determined the hierarchical relationship between the two sides of the alliance.The essence of the oath was to establish the relationship between the gods and between the people of both two sides through the two-way process of acceptance and approval,and to endow the alliance with"law"constraints.The legal mechanism between the central dynasty and the frontier authority established by oath was an jmportant way to understand the political construction of the unified multi-ethnic country in ancient China.

关 键 词：盟誓 “法” “贞元会盟” 法权关系 多民族国家 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史] D909.2[政治法律—政治学]