西方人类学生态与文化关系研究述评  

A Review of Studies on the Relationship between Ecology and Culture in Western Anthropology

作　　者：罗康隆[1] 陈茜 Kanglong Luo;Qian Chen

机构地区：[1]吉首大学人类学与历史学研究所,湖南吉首416000 [2]吉首大学历史与文化学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《世界民族》2022年第4期1-14,共14页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“西南少数民族传统生态文化的文献采辑、研究与利用”(项目编号:16ZDA157)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：西方人类学家从不同视角对人类与生态之间的关系进行了深入研究,形成了诸多研究理论,甚至派别。从环境决定论到环境可能论,再到文化生态学,进而衍生新功能主义和民族植物学。美国人类学家朱利安·斯图尔德认为特定文化因适应特定的生态环境而表现出文化的地域性特征,从而构建了文化生态学。这对生态人类学这一学科的确立产生了深刻影响。今天,我们在接受、消化与吸收西方学术资源时,需要摆脱西方生态人类学的文化与自然二元对立的思维方式,更需要克服民族中心主义、人类中心主义等思维习惯,真正从人类文化与自然生态为有机整体的角度去重新审视和分析问题,让生态人类学更好地服务于人类的生存、发展与延续。Western anthropologists have conducted in-depth research on the relationship between human beings and ecology from different perspectives, thus coming to many research theories or even forming different schools, from environmental determinism to environmental possibility, to cultural ecology, and then giving rise to neo-functionalism and ethnobotany. American anthropologist Julian Steward believed that specific cultures exhibit regional characteristics due to their adaptation to specific ecological environments, thus having constructed cultural ecology. This has had a profound influence on the establishment of ecological anthropology. Today, while accepting, digesting and absorbing Western academic resources, we need to get rid of the binary oppositional thinking of culture and nature in Western ecological anthropology, and also need to overcome such habits of thinking as ethnocentrism and anthropocentrism. Moreover, we need to re-examine and analyze problems from the perspective of human culture and natural ecology integrated as an organic whole, so as to make ecological anthropology better sever the survival, development and continuation of human beings.

关 键 词：生态人类学 生态 文化 西方范式 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学] C912.4[经济管理]