中国大米和蔬菜重金属/类金属污染及其健康风险  

Heavy metal and metalloid contamination of rice and vegetables and their health risk in China

作　　者：施姜丹 史可欣 黄雨佳 黄蕾[1] SHI Jiang-dan;SHI Ke-xin;HUANG Yu-jia;HUANG Lei(School of Environment Nanjing University/State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2022年第7期479-487,共9页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1807502);国家自然科学基金(41822709);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20201186)。

摘　　要：目的对中国典型农作物大米和蔬菜重金属/类金属污染状况及其引起的健康风险进行评估,筛选甄别需要重点关注的地区、重金属/类金属元素和敏感人群。方法基于2002—2020年相关文献资料,综合运用地理信息系统分析、健康风险评估等方法,分析农作物的重金属/类金属超标率、空间分布差异、健康风险值。结果大米中Pb、Cd、Hg和As含量的中位值分别为0.07、0.06、0.01和0.10 mg/kg,超标率As(22.45%)>Cd(17.57%)>Hg(14.63%)>Pb(14.49%);蔬菜中Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr和As含量的中位值分别为0.06、0.02、0.002、0.09和0.03 mg/kg,超标率Pb(37.61%)>Cd(21.76%)>Cr(16.10%)>Hg(5.56%)>As(0.77%)。农作物中的重金属/类金属浓度表现出空间异质性,其中湖南、云南、贵州、广西等南方省份的重金属/类金属超标率较高。文献记录下不同人群因食用大米和蔬菜导致的非致癌风险HI均值大于1,致癌风险在10^(-4)水平,儿童受到的非致癌和致癌风险均高于成年人。结论我国农作物中的重金属/类金属威胁人体健康,今后仍需加强对国内的大米、蔬菜重金属/类金属浓度的管控,特别是湖南、云南、贵州等省份,并加强对儿童重金属/类金属健康风险的关注。Objective To assess the heavy metal and metalloid pollution of the typical crops rice and vegetables in China and the related health risks,and to screen and identify concern areas,heavy metals and metalloids,and sensitive population.Methods Based on the relevant literature from 2002 to 2020,geographic information system analysis and health risk assessment were used to analyze the excess rate of heavy metals and metalloids in crops,differences in spatial distribution,and health risk values.Results The median concentrations of Pb,Cd,Hg and As in rice are 0.07,0.06,0.01 and 0.10 mg/kg,respectively,with excess rates ranking of As(22.45%)>Cd(17.57%)>Hg(14.63%)>Pb(14.49%).The median concentrations of Pb,Cd,Hg,Cr and As in vegetables are 0.06、0.02、0.002、0.09 and 0.03 mg/kg,respectively,with excess rates ranking of Pb(37.61%)>Cd(21.76%)>Cr(16.10%)>Hg(5.56%)>As(0.77%).The mass concentration of heavy metals and metalloids in crops showed spatial heterogeneity,with relatively high excess rates in Southern provinces such as Hunan,Yunnan,Guizhou,and Guangxi.The mean harm index(HI)value of non-carcinogenic risk caused by eating rice and vegetables in different populations is over 1,and the carcinogenic risk is at the level of 10^(-4) through literatures.Both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of heavy metals and metalloids were higher in children than in adults.Conclusion Heavy metals and metalloids in crops pose a threat to human health in China.In the future,more stringent controls on the heavy metals and metalloids in rice and vegetables should be implemented,especially in Hunan,Yunnan,and Guizhou provinces,and we should pay more attention to the health risks of heavy metals and metalloid s in children.

关 键 词：重金属/类金属 大米 蔬菜 健康风险 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学] X56[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]