非特指问句的形式语义研究:回顾与反思  

Formal Semantic Studies on Non-wh Questions:A Review

作　　者：袁梦溪 徐贝贝 YUAN Mengxi;XU Beibei(College of Chinese Language and Culture,Jinan University;不详)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学华文学院 [2]华中农业大学外国语学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2022年第4期586-609,共24页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“汉语非特指问句的形式语义学研究”(19YJC740113);“暨南双百英才计划”项目(DHT2020078);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2662019QD008)资助。

摘　　要：Hamblin(1973)将疑问句的语义分析为由可能答案组成的集合,正式将疑问句引入形式语义学研究。然而,这种分析中问句的所有可能答案都具有同等地位,因此无法捕捉不同类别非特指问句针对答案的偏向性(bias),也就无法解释这些非特指问句之间的语义异同。近几十年来,如何合理分析各类非特指问句的语义、解释它们之间的共性与差异已经成为学界讨论热点。本文重点梳理近期英语是非问句、选择问句、附加问句形式语义研究的重要成果,总结并对比这些研究的核心观点,评价其语义分析的论证手段、逻辑理据与解释力度,并为汉语非特指问句研究提供一些可能的启发与思路。Hamblin(1973)treated a question as denoting a set of all possible answers,which officially introduced the studies of questions into formal semantics.Yet,since this approach treats all possible answers equally,it is not fine-grained enough to capture the bias meanings of polar questions,alternative questions and tag questions,which means that it cannot explain the semantic differences between these questions.In recent decades,how to account for the nuances between these questions has become an important research topic in formal semantics.This paper reviews recent semantic accounts of English polar questions,alternative questions and tag questions,compares the key insights of these frameworks,and discusses whether their proposals are theoretically and empirically adequate.The paper starts with the difference between polar questions and alternative questions.Researchers have adopted new notions such as utility value,highlighting and exhaustivity presupposition to characterize the bias meaning expressed by polar questions and the neutrality meaning by alternative questions.In order to distinguish between positive and negative polar questions,two kinds of bias,i.e.,original speaker bias and contextual evidence bias have been discussed in the literature along with three lines of argument:via pragmatic utility value,via VERUM focus,or via speech act(Romero 2020).Distinct from polar questions and alternative questions,tag questions are hybrid constructions that retain the features of both questions and assertions.Theoretical models using the notions of projected commitments or contextual evidence are proposed to explain the difference between tag questions and the other two non-wh questions.The present study also illustrates how these prior studies on English questions can shed new light on the semantic studies of Chinese questions,hoping the research on questions in Chinese linguistics can move from the level of description and stipulation to a more fine-grained and explanatory level of compositional analysis and reason

关 键 词：非特指问句 是非问句 选择问句 附加问句 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]