5份新引进的人工合成六倍体小麦农艺及生理性状的评价  

Evaluation of Agronomic and Physiological Traits of 5 New Synthetic Hexaploid Wheats

作　　者：宋全昊 金艳 宋佳静 白冬 陈杰 赵立尚 朱统泉 SONG Quanhao;JIN Yan;SONG Jiajing;BAI Dong;CHEN Jie;ZHAO Lishang;ZHU Tongquan(Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhumadian,Henan 463000,China;International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center,El Batan,6-64106600,Mexico)

机构地区：[1]驻马店市农业科学院,中国河南驻马店463000 [2]国际玉米小麦改良中心,墨西哥埃尔巴丹6-64106600

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2022年第8期969-979,共11页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：为挖掘人工合成六倍体小麦(synthetic hexaploid wheat,SHW)在育种中的应用价值,利用从国际玉米小麦改良中心引进的5份SHW(SHW1、SHW2、SHW3、SHW4、SHW5)分别与普通小麦驻麦762进行杂交、回交,构建相应回交群体(BC_(2)),综合分析其农艺、产量、光合、叶绿素、水分利用效率等性状特点。结果表明,SHW的株高较高,穗下节和穗下茎较长,收获系数和产量低,分蘖多,部分材料千粒重较高;BC_(2)可将SHW的高分蘖、高生物量和驻麦762的多花多实、矮秆、高收获系数等性状聚合;SHW叶片的叶绿素含量在开花期之后维持较高水平,BC_(2)-SHW1、BC_(2)-SHW4和BC_(2)-SHW5在开花期的叶绿素含量均高于双亲,灌浆期BC_(2)的叶绿素含量整体低于SHW和高于驻麦762;SHW在拔节期、开花期、灌浆期有明显的光合优势,BC_(2)的光合速率从抽穗期之后明显低于双亲;驻麦762在抽穗期、开花期的瞬时水分利用效率最高;SHW在拔节期和灌浆期有较高的瞬时水分利用效率,在部分BC_(2)中得以遗传。SHW可以在小麦育种中用于农艺性状的改良及叶绿素含量和瞬时水分利用效率的提升。In order to understand the application value of synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW),five newly introduced SHWs from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center were crossbred and backcrossed with common wheat Zhumai 762 to construct the corresponding backcross population(BC_(2)).Main agronomic traits,yield related traits,photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content and water use efficiency were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that SHW had higher plant height,longer first internode and peduncle,lower harvest index and grain yield,more tillers,and higher thousand-kernel weight.BC_(2) combined SHWs traits of high tillering and high biomass with those of flowering and fruity,short stalk and high harvest coefficient of Zhumai 762.The chlorophyll content in SHW leaves was higher after anthesis;the chlorophyll content of BC_(2)-SHW1,BC_(2)-SHW4,and BC_(2)-SHW5 at anthesis were higher than that of parents,and the chlorophyll content of BC_(2) at filling stage was lower than that of SHW but higher than that of Zhumai 762.SHW had obvious photosynthetic advantage at jointing stage,flowering stage and filling stage,and the photosynthetic rate of BC_(2) were significantly lower than that of parents after heading stage.The water use efficiency of Zhumai 762 was the highest at heading and flowering stages,and the high water use efficiency of SHW at late growth stage was inherited in some BC_(2) populations.High water use efficiency of the SHW in the late stage can be introduced to the BC_(2) populations.SHW can be used to improve agronomic traits,chlorophyll content and water use efficiency in breeding.

关 键 词：人工合成小麦 农艺性状 光合 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330