小胶质细胞在遗传性视网膜变性疾病中的作用研究进展  

Research progress of microglia in hereditary retinal degeneration

作　　者：向圣锦 段俊国 Xiang Shengjin;Duan Junguo(Academy of Ophthalmology,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 610075,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学眼科学院,成都610075

出　　处：《中华眼底病杂志》2022年第8期702-706,共5页Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82074335)。

摘　　要：人类遗传性视网膜变性疾病是导致世界上不可逆致盲性眼病的主要原因之一。虽然导致视网膜光感受器变性的机制并不完全明确,但充当视网膜固有免疫监测作用的小胶质细胞,在多种视网膜色素变性动物模型的视网膜变性早期即发现其活化反应。这些活化的小胶质细胞参与吞噬变性的视杆细胞碎片,还产生了高水平的促炎细胞因子和趋化因子等细胞毒性物质,加重了临近健康光感受器细胞的死亡,提示小胶质细胞的活化在光感受器细胞变性中发挥重要作用。同时,大量研究证实,一些药物通过干预小胶质细胞的异常活化可以预防或减轻神经元的死亡,减缓视网膜退行性疾病的发生和进展,有望成为治疗遗传性视网膜变性疾病的新的选择。The human hereditary retinal degeneration is one of the main cause of irreversible blindness in the world.the mechanisms leading to retinal photoreceptor degeneration are not entirely clear.However,microglia acting as innate immune monitors are found to be activated early in retinal degeneration in many retinitis pigmentosa animal models.These activated microglia are involved in phagocyte rod cell fragments of degenerated retina,and also produce high levels of cytotoxic substances such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,which aggravate the death of adjacent healthy photoreceptor cells.It suggests that microglia activation plays an important role in photoreceptor degeneration.At the same time,a series of studies have confirmed that some drugs can prevent or reduce neuronal death and slow the occurrence and progression of retinal degeneration by interfering with abnormal activation of microglia.It is expected to be a new choice for the treatment of hereditary retinal degeneration.

关 键 词：小神经胶质细胞 眼疾病 遗传性 综述 

分 类 号：R774.1[医药卫生—眼科]