和田市夏季不同树种滞尘效应研究  

Dust-retention Capability of Different Species of Trees During Summer in Hotan City

作　　者：鲍昱璇 陈天宇[2] 张凯欢 杨红[1] 谢海燕[1] 帕丽达·牙合甫[1] BAO Yuxuan;CHEN Tianyu;ZHANG Kaihuan;YANG Hong;XIE Haiyan;PALIDA Yahefu(School of Resources and the Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 83000,China;Hotan Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang Prefecture,Hotan 830903,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]和田地区气象局,新疆和田830903

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2022年第7期46-53,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2019D01A37);国家自然科学基金(21567028,21966029)。

摘　　要：为探讨和田市不同树种对不同粒径颗粒物的滞尘效应,作者于和田市昆仑湖公园进行叶片采集工作,共采集12种树木。通过测定树木的株高、冠高、冠幅和单叶片面积,计算出不同树种的叶片总面积、三维绿量以及叶面积指数。利用差重法得出不同树种滞留不同粒径颗粒物的含量,所测定的7项生长指标都与树木滞留不同粒径颗粒物含量存在相关性。不同树种滞留不同粒径颗粒物分布比例表现出相同的规律,即在10~100μm的颗粒物比例最大,占比最小的粒径范围在0.22~3μm。在单位叶面积内,滞留PM_(3)和PM_(10)的含量范围分别为2.556~12.912μg/cm^(2)和9.869~36.635μg/cm^(2),滞留TSP含量最高的树种为杨树;在单叶片内,梧桐滞留PM_(3)、PM_(10)、TSP的含量明显高于其他树种;对于单株滞尘量而言,滞留不同粒径颗粒物排在前三的是杨树、桑树和梧桐;在单位土地面积内,滞留不同粒径颗粒物含量最强的为杨树,滞留PM_(3)、PM_(10)、TSP的含量分别为11.059、58.988和196.905 kg/hm^(2)。总的来说,滞尘效应较好的有杨树、梧桐、臭椿和桑树,较弱的为紫叶李、榆叶梅和垂枝榆。With the purpose of probing into the capability of various tree species in Hotan City in the retention of dust particles of different diameters,twelve species of trees were selected and the leaves were picked and gathered in Kunlun Lake Park of the City.By measuring the plant height,crown height,crown width and unit leaf area(cm^(2))of these trees,the total leaf area,three-dimensional green biomass and leaf area index were calculated,and the amount of different particles retained on leaves by different tree species was obtained by use of the membrane filtration method.In conclusion,the research presented that seven growth indexes measured were correlated with the amount of particles with different diameters retained by different tree species.As to the distribution of retained particles of different diameters by various tree species,it was found that the proportion of the particles’diameters of 10~100μm was the largest,while the proportion of the particles’diameters ranging from0.22 to 3μm was the least.Regarding the amount of dust particles of different diameters retained in unit leaf area,PM_(3) ranged from 2.556 to 12.912μg/cm^(2),and PM_(10)from 9.869 to 36.635μg/cm^(2);as to the different tree species,Populus L.kept up the biggest amount of TSP,and for the amounts of PM_(3),PM_(10)and TSP retained on per leaf,and Firmiana platanifolia(L.f.)Marsili were obviously more than other species.Additionally,as for the dust-particles retaining capability of an individual plant,among various species,Populus L.,Morus alba Linn.Sp.and Firmiana platanifolia(L.f.)Marsili in order were stronger than others;and in regard to the per unit land area(hm^(2)),Populus L.possessed the strongest capability of keeping up particles of different diameters,the amounts of PM_(3),PM_(10) and TSP retained were 11.059,58.988 and 196.905kg/hm^(2),respectively.In summary,tree species such as Populus L.,Firmiana platanifolia(L.f.)Marsili,Ailanthus altissima,and Morus alba Linn.Sp.showed a rather strong PMs-retaining power,while that of

关 键 词：大气颗粒物 植物叶片 滞尘效应 和田市 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]