英语半助动词构式历时变化研究——以be supposed to为例  

The Diachronic Change of English Semi-auxiliary Constructions——A Case Study of “Be Supposed to”

作　　者：孟庆楠[1] 李基安[2] MENG Qingnan;LI Ji’an(School of Foreign Languages,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China;School of English Studies,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学外国语学院,辽宁大连116026 [2]上海外国语大学英语学院,上海201620

出　　处：《外国语》2022年第2期15-26,共12页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：辽宁省社科基金青年项目“基于原美国杨百翰大学系列语料库的英语构式交替现象研究”(L21CYY004);辽宁省教育厅基本科研业务费项目“概率语法视角下英语情态构式交替现象多元定量研究”(LJKQR2021002);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“演化语言学视角下的语言演化机制研究”(3132021332)。

摘　　要：本文借助EEBO和COHA语料库,对英语半助动词构式be supposed to的语义演化过程进行探究。研究结果表明:表示认知情态的be supposed to,除了受到实义动词suppose本身的语义演化进程影响以外,还有可能受到“补语大迁移”这一总体趋势的影响,由be supposed that构式演变而来,并通过纵聚合类推机制,间接受到了表示认知情态的be thought to/that/Φ构式的影响。此外,其使用频数的逐渐上升很有可能间接受到了表示道义情态的图式性构式BE pp.TO的影响。就表示道义情态的be supposed to而言,本研究认为,该语义特征一方面源自主动语态中表示意愿情态的have/had supposed to语义演化进程的影响,另一方面还有可能间接受到be obliged to等在语义和形态句法方面与之具有相似特征的外部构式的影响。This research explores the semantic changes of English semi-auxiliary construction “be supposed to” via EEBO and COHA corpus data.The results show that apart from the semantic change of the lexical verb suppose itself in active voice, its epistemic meaning may also be influenced by “be supposed that”as is predicted by“the Great Complement Shift”, as well as the epistemic “be thought to/that/Φ”construction by means of paradigmatic analogy.Meanwhile, its frequency increase is reinforced by the deontic schematic construction “BE pp.TO”.As to the deontic “be supposed to”, on the one hand, this modal meaning may have derived from the volitive “have/had supposed to” in active voice;on the other hand, it may also be indirectly influenced by other semantically and morphosyntactically similar constructions such as “be obliged to”.

关 键 词：构式语法 英语半助动词 类推机制 语义演化 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学]