利用孕期膳食平衡指数评价陕西省孕妇膳食质量  

Evaluation of diet quality among pregnant women in Shaanxi Province by Diet Balance Index for Pregnancy

作　　者：常倩倩 党少农 颜虹 曾令霞 杨姣梅 CHANG Qianqian;DANG Shaonong;YAN Hong;ZENG Lingxia;YANG Jiaomei(Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,School of Public Health,Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（医学版）》2022年第5期744-751,共8页Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University（Medical Sciences）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.82103852,No.81230016);中国博士后科学基金(No.2019M663751);陕西省卫生和计划生育委员会出生缺陷防治课题研究(No.Sxwsjswzfcght2016-013)。

摘　　要：目的利用孕期膳食平衡指数DBI_P评价陕西省孕妇的膳食质量,并分析其影响因素。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,通过结构化问卷调查陕西省30区(县)7375名妇女的孕期基本信息,运用半定量食物频率问卷收集孕期膳食资料。应用最新修订的DBI_P评估孕期膳食质量,运用多重线性回归分析孕期膳食质量的影响因素。结果50%以上孕妇奶类、鱼虾类、畜禽肉类、蔬菜、蛋类、水果和食物种类摄入不足。69%以上孕妇食用油、谷薯类和食盐摄入过量。正端分(DBI_HBS)、负端分(DBI_LBS)和膳食质量距(DBI_DQD)平均得分分别为12.9、19.5和32.5,中度摄入不足、摄入过量和摄入不均衡的比例分别为20.3%、22.5%和40.8%。孕期DBI_LBS水平与生育年龄、教育程度、家庭人均年收入、产检次数和增补叶酸呈负相关,与居住在陕南和陕北、居住在农村、职业为农民和饮酒呈正相关;孕期DBI_HBS水平与居住在陕南和陕北呈负相关,与主/被动吸烟和喝浓茶呈正相关。孕期DBI_DQD水平与教育程度、家庭人均年收入、产检次数和增补叶酸呈负相关,与居住在陕南、居住在农村、职业为农民、经产、主/被动吸烟、喝浓茶和喝咖啡呈正相关。结论陕西省孕妇膳食存在摄入不足及摄入不均衡的问题,且膳食质量受社会人口学和孕期生活行为因素的影响,应针对性制定营养干预措施。Objective To evaluate the diet quality of pregnant women in Shaanxi Province by Diet Balance Index for Pregnancy(DBI_P)and investigate the influencing factors.Methods By using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method,7375 pregnant women in 30 districts(counties)of Shaanxi Province were recruited.A structured questionnaire was adopted to collect general information in pregnancy,and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain dietary information in pregnancy.DBI_P was used to evaluate the diet quality during pregnancy,and the factors influencing diet quality were assessed by multiple linear regression.Results More than 50%pregnant women had inadequate intakes of dairy products,fish and shrimp,meat and poultry,vegetables,eggs,fruits and diet variety.More than 69%pregnant women had excessive intakes of cooking oil,cereals and salt.The average values of high bound score,low bound score,and diet quality distance were 12.9,19.5,and 32.5,respectively.The proportions of medium inadequate,excessive,and imbalance of dietary intakes were 20.3%,22.55%,and 40.8%,respectively.DBI_LBS during pregnancy was negatively correlated with childbearing age,education level,family per capita annual income,antenatal examination frequency and folic acid supplementation,but positively correlated with living in southern and northern Shaanxi,residing in rural areas,being farmers,and drinking alcohol.DBI_HBS during pregnancy was negatively correlated with living in southern and northern Shaanxi,but positively correlated with active/passive smoking and drinking strong tea.DBI_DQD during pregnancy was negatively correlated with education level,family per capita annual income,antenatal examination frequency and folic acid supplementation,but positively correlated with living in southern Shaanxi,residing in rural areas,being farmers,parity,active/passive smoking,and drinking strong tea and coffee.Conclusion The dietary intake of pregnant women in Shaanxi Province was insufficient and unbalanced,and the dietary quality

关 键 词：膳食质量 膳食平衡指数 孕妇 影响因素 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]