三种厚朴叶绿体基因组的比较研究  

Comparative study on chloroplast genomes of three Magnolia species

作　　者：张敏[1] 尹彦棚 周罗静 任波[1] 王丽[2] 时小东 侯飞侠[1] 彭成[1] 高继海[1] ZHANG Min;YIN Yanpeng;ZHOU Luojing;REN Bo;WANG Li;SHI Xiaodong;HOU Feixia;PENG Cheng;GAO Jihai(Pharmacy College,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Key Laboratory of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,Chengdu 611137,China;Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences,Chengdu 610065,China;Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,成都611137 [2]四川省林业科学研究院,成都610065 [3]成都大学,成都610106

出　　处：《广西植物》2022年第8期1394-1401,共8页Guihaia

基　　金：“杏林学者”学科人才提升计划(QNXZ2018017,QNXZ2019001);四川省首批中医药学科建设重点项目(药用植物学,川中医药函[2020]84号);西南特色中药资源基因组学创新平台(2020ZYD058)。

摘　　要：为了深入发掘日本厚朴、厚朴、凹叶厚朴叶绿体基因组差异,筛选厚朴优良性状候选基因,开展三种厚朴的分子遗传研究,该文利用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序平台首次对日本厚朴叶绿体进行测序、组装,并与已有的厚朴、凹叶厚朴叶绿体基因组共同注释,获得三个物种叶绿体基因图谱,筛选出三个基因组中的差异基因,又与同科中11个亲缘物种进行叶绿体基因组比对,构建NJ遗传树。结果表明:(1)日本厚朴叶绿体基因组的Clean Reads为19791019,Q30为91.33%,组装后基因组全长160051 bp,GC含量为39.2%,含tRNA 37个,rRNA 8个。(2)比对分析发现三种厚朴具有相似的IR、LSC和SSC结构,以及GC含量和tRNA数量,但编码基因种类和数量、内含子和外显子的数量和结构等存在差异。(3)日本厚朴的功能基因数目较厚朴、凹叶厚朴分别多6个和4个,主要分布于LSC区和IR区,涉及核糖体大亚基、核糖体小亚基和未知功能基因类群。(4)系统发育分析结果进一步显示日本厚朴与凹叶厚朴亲缘关系较近,其次是厚朴。该研究表明日本厚朴具有更丰富的叶绿体基因组结构、组成和变异特征,是其适应高纬度地区弱光、低温环境的分子机制,这为厚朴类优良品种的分子选育提供有力的指导。In order to investigate the good genes,cultivate the main superior cultivars and discover phylogenetic relationships of Magnolia officinalis,M.officinalis subsp.biloba and M.hypoleuca,we compared the differences among the cp(chloroplast)genomes of three Magnolia species and performed a phylogenetic tree of 14 species.Illumina HiSeq platform was used to sequence and assemble the cp genome of M.hypoleuca.Then the cp genomes of three Magnolia species were annotated by online platform and performed with three Magnolia species cp gene cycles.Moreover,the cp genomes of other 11 Magnolia species were downloaded from the NCBI database and phylogenetic tree of 14 all species cp genomes was constructed based on NJ method.The results were as follows:(1)Clean Reads of M.hypoleuca were 19791019,and Q30 was 91.33%.The total length of cp genome of M.hypoleuca was 160051 bp,its GC content was 39.2%,including 37 tRNA and 8 rRNA.(2)Compared with the cp genome structures of three Magnolia species,three Magnolia species were found to have similar IR,LSC and SSC structures,GC content and tRNA number,but there were differences in the type and number of coding genes,the number and structure of introns and exons.(3)There were six and four more functional gene numbers of M.hypoleuca than the other two Magnolia species,respectively,which indicated that it had stronger viability,and the differential functional genes of three Magnolia species were mainly located in LSC region and IR region,involving large ribosomal subunits,small ribosomal subunits and unknown functional genes groups.(4)Based on NJ phylogenetic tree,M.hypoleuca was closely related to M.officinalis subsp.biloba,next to M.officinalis.In this study,M.hypoleuca has more abundant cp genome structure,composition and variation characteristics,which is the molecular mechanism of its adaptation to low light and low temperature environment in high latitude area.And it will also provide strong guidance for molecular breeding of excellent Magnolia varieties.

关 键 词：厚朴 凹叶厚朴 日本厚朴 叶绿体基因组 系统发育树 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]