热塑性聚氨酯纳米纤维膜制备及其抗静电性能  

Preparation of thermoplastic polyurethane nanofiber film and its antistatic property

作　　者：杨博琛 康乐 高晓平[1] 张思远 隋辉 YANG Bochen;KANG Le;GAO Xiaoping;ZHANG Siyuan;SUI Hui(College of Light Industry and Textile,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010010,Inner Mongolia,China;Shandong Nanshan Fashion Sci-Tech Co.,Ltd.,Yantai 265706,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学轻工与纺织学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]山东南山智尚科技股份有限公司,山东烟台265706

出　　处：《上海纺织科技》2022年第8期17-21,35,共6页Shanghai Textile Science & Technology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0282)。

摘　　要：针对以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为溶质,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,采用静电纺丝技术制备的TPU纤维膜容易出现大面积粘连,影响纤维膜性能的问题,以不同比例(80/20、60/40、40/60、20/80、0/100)的四氢呋喃(THF)和DMF混合溶液为溶剂,配制18%的TPU纺丝液,基于静电纺丝技术制备纳米纤维膜。以100%DMF溶剂试样为参照组,测试纤维膜形貌特征,分析不同比例溶剂对纺丝液黏度、纤维膜透湿量、透气性、过滤效率及过滤阻力的影响。结果表明,采用THF和DMF混合物为溶剂比纯DMF溶剂制得的纤维粗细均匀,没有大面积粘连,透气、透湿性能均优于100%DMF。以纤维膜透气、透湿性能为目标值,优化得到THF/DMF比例为20/80。应用抗静电剂B对THF/DMF(20/80)纺制的纤维膜进行抗静电性整理,测得纤维膜静电半衰期由21.18 s减小到1.24 s,抗静电性显著提高。In view of the problem that the TPU fiber membrane prepared by electrospinning technology with thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)as the solute and N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)as the solvent is prone to large-area adhesion,which affects the performance of the fiber membrane,18%TPU spinning solution is prepared with tetrahydrofuran(THF)and DMF mixed solution in different proportions(80/20,60/40,40/60,20/80,0/100)as the solvent,and nanofiber membrane is prepared based on electrospinning technology.Taking 100%DMF solvent samples as the reference group,the morphology of fiber membrane is tested,and the effects of different proportions of solvents on the viscosity of spinning solution,moisture permeability,air permeability,filtration efficiency and filtration resistance the viscosity are analyzed.The results show that the fiber membrane prepared by using the mixture of THF and DMF as solvent is more uniform in thickness and has no large area adhesion than that of pure DMF.The air permeability and moisture permeability of the fiber membrane are better than that of pure DMF.Taking the air permeability and moisture permeability of the fiber membrane as the target value,the optimized THF/DMF ratio is 20/80.Using Antistatic Agent B in the finishing of fiber membrane spun by THF/DMF(20/80),the electrostatic half-life of the fiber membrane decreases from 21.18 s to 1.24 s,and the antistatic property is significantly improved.

关 键 词：静电纺丝 聚氨酯 纳米纤维膜 黏度 抗静电性 

分 类 号：TS174[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]