语言族裔认同与国家认同的“和谐共生”——基于印度语言多样性治理的考察  

“HARMONIOUS COEXISTENCE”OF LINGUISTIC ETHNIC IDENTITY AND STATE IDENTITY:A STUDY BASED ON THE GOVERNANCE OF LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY IN INDIA

作　　者：和红梅[1] 周少青[2,3] He Hongmei;Zhou Shaoqing

机构地区：[1]云南省社会科学院孟加拉国研究所,云南昆明650034 [2]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081 [3]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地,北京100081

出　　处：《广西民族研究》2022年第3期112-121,共10页GUANGXI ETHNIC STUDIES

基　　金：云南省社会科学院/中国(昆明)南亚东南亚研究院国际关系学科建设项目。

摘　　要：印度被认为是世界上语言最多样化和最复杂的国家之一。语言族裔认同与国家认同之间的张力构成了印度多民族国家治理所面临的严峻挑战。在印度多民族国家治理过程中,印度政府秉承“承认”“包容”和“团结凝聚”等理念,通过推行宪法框架下的“第八附则”“语言建邦”“三语政策”等一系列构筑国家认同的策略选择,最终将语言多样性化解为印度国家认同的力量和土壤,实现了“两种认同”的和谐共生。印度构建国家认同的独特范式,将其内部貌似“松散”的语言文化多样性,凝聚成为一种“互嵌式”的团结,客观上造就了“印度式团结”。正是这一独特范式,成就了印度“崩而不溃”的历史和现状。India is considered to be one of the most linguistically diverse and complex countries in the world.The tension between linguistic ethnic identity and state identity constitutes a serious challenge to the governance of India's multi-ethnic state.In the process of governance of India’s multi-ethnic state,the Indian government adheres to the concepts of“recognition”,“tolerance”as well as“unity and cohesion”,and implements a series of strategic choices to build national identity under the constitutional framework,such as“the Eighth Supplementary Provisions”,“the Linguistic Reorganization of State”and“the trilingual policy”.Finally,the linguistic diversity is dissolved into the strength and soil of Indian state identity,thus the harmonious coexistence of the two identities comes into being.India's unique paradigm of building state identity has condensed its seemingly“loose”internal linguistic and cultural diversity into an“inter-embedded”unity,objectively creating“Indian-style unity”.It is this unique paradigm that has achieved the history and status quo of India's“diverse but not collapse”.

关 键 词：印度国家治理 语言多样性 语言族裔认同 国家认同 和谐共生 

分 类 号：D562[政治法律—政治学]