药食同源药材黄精 玉竹营养及生物活性成分分析  

Nutritional and Bioactive Components of Polygonati Rhizoma and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma with Medicinal and Edible Property

作　　者：张凯 张昭[1] 范永芳 张本刚[1] ZHANG Kai;ZHANG Zhao;FAN Yong-fang;ZHANG Ben-gang(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2022年第8期1463-1472,共10页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81473305);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-032)。

摘　　要：目的:为深入挖掘药食同源药材黄精、玉竹的营养价值,推动其食品产业化进程,对滇黄精、黄精、多花黄精、玉竹4个基原物种的营养和生物活性成分进行测定。方法:参照《食品安全国家标准》,测定样品中碳水化合物、淀粉、可溶性膳食纤维、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素和矿物质元素等多个营养指标含量,分别通过苯酚-硫酸法、香草醛比色法、NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH比色法和Folin-Ciocalteu比色法对多糖、甾体皂苷、黄酮和酚酸总含量进行测定;以《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》为分析依据,对黄精、玉竹的营养价值进行分析。结果:黄精、玉竹中碳水化合物营养价值高(淀粉质量分数为8.33%~10.89%、可溶性膳食纤维质量分数为3.41%~9.53%),氨基酸种类丰富(黄精、多花黄精、玉竹含18种,滇黄精含17种),具高谷氨酸、高维生素B_(6)、高铁、高锰和高钼等特点,且含有多糖、甾体皂苷、酚酸、黄酮等生物活性成分。结论:药食同源药材黄精、玉竹符合现代人的健康饮食需求,可作为优质膳食原料推广使用,测定结果将为其食品产业化发展提供参考。Objective:To deeply explore the nutritional value of Polygonati Rhizoma(Huangjing)and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma(Yuzhu)by determining the nutritional and bioactive components of their original plants which included Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.,P.sibiricum Red.,Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua,and P.odoratum(Mill.)Druce,so as to promote the food industrialization of these two medicinal and edible herbal materials.Methods:The content of carbohydrates,starch,soluble dietary fiber,protein,amino acids,vitamins,and mineral elements was determined according to the National Food Safety Standard.The total content of polysaccharides,steroidal saponins,flavonoids and phenolic acids was measured by phenol-sulfuric acid method,vanillin sulfuric acid assay,NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH colorimetry and Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetry,respectively.The nutritional values of Polygonati Rhizoma and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma were analyzed with reference to the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes.Results:Polygonati Rhizoma and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma were characterized by high carbohydrates(content of starch:8.33%-10.89%,content of soluble dietary fiber:3.41%-9.53%),various amino acids(17 species in P.kingianum,18 species in the other three),and high levels of glutamic acid,vitamin B6,iron,manganese and molybdenum.In addition,there were steroidal saponins,phenolic acids,flavonoids and other bioactive components in the four species.Conclusion:Polygonati Rhizoma and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma,which met the healthy dietary needs of modern people,could be popularized as high-quality dietary raw materials,and the determination results would provide a scientific basis for the development of food industrialization.

关 键 词：黄精 玉竹 滇黄精 多花黄精 药食同源 营养成分 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学] R284[医药卫生—中医学]