添加维生素E、有机锌和有机硒对围产前期奶牛瘤胃微生物的影响  

Effects of supplementing vitamin E,organic zinc and organic selenium on the ruminal microbiota of prenatal dairy cows

作　　者：陈昊 马旭林 刘永军 王玲[1] CHEN Hao;MA Xulin;LIU Yongjun;WANG Ling(School of Agricultural Ningxia University,Yinchuan,712100;Dairy Corporation Limited of NingXia State Farm,750004)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川712100 [2]宁夏农垦乳业股份有限公司,750004

出　　处：《中国饲料》2022年第14期35-40,共6页China Feed

基　　金：优质高产奶牛选育(2019NYYZ05)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨在日粮中添加维生素E和有机硒、锌对围产前期奶牛瘤胃微生物区系的影响。试验选择40头胎次、体况和预产期相近的干奶牛,随机分为两组,为对照组(CG)和试验组(EG)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1000 IU/d.头维生素E和2 mg/d·头有机硒、360 mg/d·头有机锌。从奶牛转入围产圈开始饲喂,直至产犊,试验期共24 d。结果表明,在日粮中加入维生素E、有机锌和有机硒后,瘤胃微生物α-多样性除丰富度显著降低外并未发生显著改变,微生物群落β多样性也无显著差异,但试验组瘤胃内微生物异质性和波动性较小。LEFSE分析结果表明,试验组瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、聚乙酸菌属(Acetitomaculum)、布劳特氏菌属(blautia)、Lachnoclostridium菌属、probable_genus_10菌属、瘤胃球菌_UCG_013菌属(Ruminococcaceae_UCG_013)、Ruminiclostridium_5菌属、芽孢杆菌属(Gemmobacter)、韦荣球菌科_UCG_003菌属(Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_003)、噬冷菌属(Algoriphagus)表达丰度差异显著;对照组Gastranaerophilales菌属、瘤胃球菌属_2菌属(Ruminococcus_2)显著富集。试验组表达丰度差异显著的瘤胃细菌主要与碳水化合物的代谢有关,表明日粮添加维生素E、有机硒、有机锌可能影响瘤胃内碳水化合物代谢。This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin E with organic selenium and zinc on the rumen microflora in pre-perinatal dairy cows.40 dry dairy cows with similar parity,body condition and calving date were selected and randomly divided into two groups:the control group(CG)and the experimental group(EG).The cows of CG were fed with the basal diet,and the cows of EG were supplemented with 1000 IU/d vitamin E,2 mg/d organic selenium and 360 mg/d organic zinc.The experiment lasted for 24 days from the cows transferred to the perinatal circle to calving.The results showed that when vitamin E,organic zinc and organic selenium were added to the diet,the α-diversity of rumen microbes did not change significantly except the richness decreased significantly,and the β-diversity of microbial community also had no significant difference.LEFSE analysis showed that Ruminococcus,Acetitomaculum,blautia,Lachnoclostridium,Probable_genus_10,Ruminococcaceae_UCG_013,Ruminiclostridium_5,Gemmobacter,Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_003,Algoriphagus were mainly significantly enriched in EG;Gastranaerophilales,Ruminococcus_2 were mainly significantly enriched in CG.The rumen bacteria with significant difference in expression abundance in EG are mainly related to carbohydrate metabolism,indicating that the addition of vitamin E,organic selenium and organic zinc to the diet may affect the carbohydrate metabolism in the rumen.

关 键 词：围产前期奶牛 维生素E 有机锌 有机硒 瘤胃微生物 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]