玉米不同器官的常规养分、总能和氨基酸含量的比较研究  

Comparative study on the contents of conventional nutrients,gross energy and amino acids in different organs of maize

作　　者：李荣佳 刘婕 陈安琪 杨在宾[3] 李会荣 姜淑贞[3] LI Rongjia;LIU Jie;CHEN Anqi;YANG Zaibin;LI Huirong;JIANG Shuzhen(Shandong Huaxiaweikang Agro-Tech Co,Ltd,Jinan,Shandong Province 250000,China;Shandong Animal Product Quality and Safety Center,Jinan,Shandong Province 250100,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Shandong Agriculture University,Tai爷an,Shandong Province 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东华夏维康农牧科技有限公司,山东济南250000 [2]山东省畜产品质量安全中心,山东济南250100 [3]山东农业大学动物科技学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国饲料》2022年第17期105-110,共6页China Feed

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目“环境友好型猪禽无抗饲料和替抗养殖关键技术研究及应用”(2019JZZY020609);山东省现代农业产业技术体系生猪体系(SDAIT-08-05)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同品种玉米不同器官的常规养分、总能和氨基酸的差异,以期提高玉米的利用效率。试验选取了32种山东省广泛种植且具有代表性的玉米品种作为试验材料,根据玉米部位划分将其全株剥离为8个部分,即籽实、苞叶、上茎、下茎、上鞘、下鞘、上叶、下叶,进而分别在玉米全株为新鲜、风干和绝干状态下测定分析其各部分的常规营养成分和总能,以及玉米全株为风干和绝干状态下的氨基酸含量。结果表明:不同品种类型玉米的籽实、苞叶、叶茎、叶鞘、叶片的常规养分含量和总能差异显著(P <0.05)。以有机物(OM)含量作为评定玉米器官营养价值的因素,鲜样基础上玉米各器官有机物含量顺序表现为籽实>苞叶>下叶片>下叶鞘>上叶片=上茎>上叶鞘>下茎,风干基础上玉米各器官有机物含量顺序表现为苞叶>籽实>上茎>上叶鞘>下茎>下叶鞘>上叶片>下叶片,干物质基础上玉米各器官有机物含量顺序表现为籽实>苞叶>上茎>下茎>上叶鞘>下叶鞘>上叶片>下叶片。新鲜基础籽实中干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、无氮浸出物(NFE)和总能量(GE)比苞叶和茎鞘叶片平均值分别高25.35%、27.90%、74.27%、60.05%、30.99%和50.61%、62.41%、83.43%、77.80%、57.48%。风干基础籽实中CP、NFE、总必需氨基酸(TEEA)和总非必需氨基酸(TNEEA)比苞叶和茎鞘叶片平均值分别高60.27%、37.82%、81.29%、45.40%和21.49%、46.05%、81.29%、17.69%。干物质基础籽实中CP、NFE、TEEA和TNEEA比苞叶和茎鞘叶片平均值分别高63.04%、24.40%、83.80%、50.79%和42.15%、48.05%、81.28%、12.53%。综上所述,玉米籽实和苞叶的常规养分和总能、营养价值显著高于其他器官(P <0.05)。在“粮改饲”政策和全株玉米青贮技术的推广中,对这些器官的充分利用是提高全株玉米利用率的关键。This experiment was conducted to study the differences of conventional nutrients,gross energy and amino acids in different organs of different varieties of maize,in order to improve the utilization efficiency of maize.In this experiment,32 representative maize varieties widely cultivated in Shandong province were selected as experimental materials,according to the division of maize parts,the whole plant was stripped into 8 parts,namely seed,bract,upper stem,lower stem,upper sheath,lower sheath,upper leaf and lower leaf,then,the contents of conventional nutrients,gross energy and amino acids in each part of the whole maize plant were determined and analyzed under fresh,air-dried and dry matter basis.The results showed that there were significant differences in nutrient contents and gross energy of seeds,bracts,stems,sheaths and leaves among different varieties of maize(P bract>lower leaf>lower leaf sheath>upper leaf=upper stem>upper leaf sheath>lower stem on the fresh basis,bract>seed>upper stem>upper leaf sheath>lower stem>lower leaf sheath>upper leaf>lower leaf on the air-dried basis,and seed>bract>upper stem>lower stem>upper leaf sheath>lower leaf sheath>upper leaf>lower leaf on the dry matter basis.The dry matter(DM),OM,crude protein(CP),nitrogen free extract(NFE)and gross energy(GE)in fresh basal seed were 25.35%,27.90%,74.27%,60.05%,30.99%and 50.61%,62.41%,83.43%,77.80%,57.48%higher than those in bract and the average of stem,sheath and leaves.The CP,NFE,total essential amino acids(TEEA)and total non essential amino acids(TNEEA)in air dried basic seeds were 60.27%,37.82%,81.29%,45.40%and 21.49%,46.05%,81.29%,17.69%higher than those in bracts and the average of stem,sheath and leaves.The CP,NFE,TEEA and TNEEA in dry matter basic seeds were 63.04%,24.40%,83.80%,50.79%and 42.15%,48.05%,81.28%,12.53%higher than those in bracts and the average of stem,sheath and leaves.In conclusion,the conventional components,gross energy and nutritional value of corn seeds and bracts were significantly higher than those of othe

关 键 词：玉米 器官 总能 氨基酸 常规营养成分 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]