小兴安岭森林下垫面湍流特征研究  

Research on Turbulence Characteristics of Forest Underlying Surface in Xiaoxing’an Mountains

作　　者：孙鹏飞 范广洲[3] 王寅钧[4] 王超[3] 曲哲 马宏达 SUN Pengfei;FAN Guangzhou;WANG Yinjun;WANG Chao;QU Zhe;MA Hongda(Wuying National Climate Observatory,Heilongjiang,Fenglin 153036;Yichun Meteorological Office of Heilongjiang Province,Yichun 153000;College of Atmospheric Sciences,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;Fenglin Weather Station of Heilongjiang Province,Fenglin 153036)

机构地区：[1]五营国家气候观象台,丰林153036 [2]黑龙江省伊春市气象局,伊春153000 [3]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,成都610225 [4]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [5]黑龙江省丰林县气象局,丰林153036

出　　处：《气象》2022年第8期1020-1031,共12页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1507301);四川省科技厅项目(2019YJ0360);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021Z034);黑龙江省气象局青年基金项目(HQJJ2021022)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用中国气象局五营森林生态监测站内梯度观测塔上的涡度相关资料,分析森林下垫面湍流动力特征(湍流强度、湍流标准差等),并计算了零平面位移(d)、空气动力粗糙度长度(z_(0))和动量拖曳系数(C_(D))。结果表明:研究区域全年以西南风为主,仅在夏季出现较多东北风。生长季(5—9月)湍流强度较强,非生长季(10月至次年4月)湍流强度较弱,水平风速的平均湍流强度为0.4,垂直风速的平均湍流强度为0.16。d和z_(0)均有明显的季节变化,且一致表现为生长季高,非生长季低的趋势,d和z_(0)平均值分别为18.56 m和1.21 m。不稳定条件时,三维风速的标准差均符合1/3次方相似规律;近中性条件时,无量纲三维风速标准差σ_(i)/u(i=u,v,w)在春季分别为2.81、2.73、1.20,夏季为2.62、2.53、1.10,秋季为2.63、2.51、1.14,冬季为2.74、2.54、1.17。温度和湿度的标准差在不稳定条件符合-1/3次方相似规律,春季拟合的系数分别为2.06和2.67,夏季为2.45和2.18,秋季为1.94和2.85,冬季为1.96和3.00。C_(D)在弱不稳定达到峰值,整体平均值为9.8×10^(-3),随粗糙度近似呈线性增长。Using the vorticity-related data collected from the gradient observation tower in the Wuying Forest Ecological Monitoring Station of China Meteorological Administration,this paper addresses the turbulence characteristics of the underlying surface of the forest(turbulence intensity,turbulence variance,etc.),and calculates the zero-plane displacement(d),the roughness length(z_(0))and the momentum drag coefficient(C D).The results indicate that southwest wind prevails almost throughout the year,with northeast wind only in summer.The tubulence intensity during the growing season(May-September)is stronger,turbulence intensity during the non-growing season(October-April)is weaker,the average turbulence intensity of the horizontal wind speed is 0.4,and the vertical wind speed is 0.16.Both d and z_(0) have obvious seasonal changes,and they consistently show a trend of high in the growing season but low in the non-growing season,with the average values of d and z_(0) being 18.56 m and 1.21 m,respectively.Under unstable conditions,the standard deviation of wind speed all conforms to 1/3 power similar law;when nearing neutral conditions,the dimensionless three-dimensional wind speed standard deviationσ_(i)/u(i=u,v,zv)are 2.81,2.73,1.20 in spring;2.62,2.53,1.10 in summer;2.63,2.51,1.14 in autumn;and 2.74,2.54,1.17 in winter.The standard deviations of temperature and humidity conform to-1/3 power similar law under unstable conditions,the coefficients for spring fitting are 2.06 and 2.67,2.45 and 2.18 in summer,1.94 and 2.85 in autumn,1.96 and 3.00 in winter,respectively.C D reaches its peak value in weak instability,and the overall average is 9.8×10^(-3),increasing approximately linearly with roughness.

关 键 词：森林下垫面 湍流强度 相似理论 零平面位移 粗糙度 

分 类 号：P425.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]