间作分蘖洋葱对番茄氮素吸收和根际土壤微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of intercropping tomato with potato onion on nitrogen absorption and rhizosphere microbial diversity of tomato

作　　者：吴瑕[1,2] 胡艺琛 杨凤军[1] 苏春杰 汪秀志[1] 吴凤芝[2] WU Xia;HU Yi-chen;YANG Feng-jun;SU Chun-jie;WANG Xiu-zhi;WU Feng-zhi(College of Agronomy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319,China;College of Horticulture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 1510030,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]东北农业大学园艺学院,黑龙江哈尔滨151103

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第8期1478-1493,共16页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家青年自然科学基金项目(31801905);黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2021C066);黑龙江八一农垦大学校内培育课题(XZR2017-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】间作分蘖洋葱能缓解番茄连作障碍,提高番茄养分吸收。本研究通过解析间作分蘖洋葱条件下番茄根际土壤中氮吸收和微生物多样性的变化,旨在揭示间作对番茄氮营养改善的生物学机制。【方法】设计田间和盆栽两个试验,田间试验设番茄单作、分蘖洋葱(农安)与番茄间作和分蘖洋葱(五常)与番茄间作共3个处理,测定番茄的生长指标、氮吸收量及产量,阐明间作对番茄养分吸收、分配及产量的影响。盆栽试验设番茄单作、分蘖洋葱(五常)单作、分蘖洋葱与番茄间作及无苗对照等4个处理。对番茄及分蘖洋葱的根际土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮含量及土壤酶活性测定,并采用Miseq高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌和真菌多样性变化,旨在阐明间作对根际土壤养分环境的影响。【结果】1)间作后,番茄株高显著增加,番茄产量提高了8.49%~16.92%。2)间作分蘖洋葱两品种番茄各测定指标表现为相似的变化规律。间作60天,番茄干重显著增加,间作后番茄干物质向根分配指数降低,而向地上分配指数增加,其中向茎叶分配指数降低,而向果分配指数增加。间作90天,均显著提高了氮养分向根和茎分配,而降低了氮养分向叶中分配。3)间作37天后,番茄根际土壤中铵态氮含量显著增加,硝态氮含量显著降低,间作改变土壤铵态氮和硝态氮比例,促进了番茄的氮吸收。番茄根际土壤中脲酶和脱氢酶活性显著高于单作和无苗对照,间作分蘖洋葱根际土壤脱氢酶活性显著高于单作和无苗对照。4)间作分蘖洋葱处理提高了放线菌纲、拟杆菌纲、黄杆菌纲、绿菌纲、绿弯菌纲、厌氧绳菌纲、异常球菌纲、芽孢杆菌纲、梭菌纲、柔膜菌纲、浮霉菌纲、α-变形菌纲、丰佑菌纲的丰度,其中间作分蘖洋葱提高了番茄根际土壤芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)等【Objectives】We assessed the changes of nitrogen absorption and soil microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil of tomato intercropped with potato onion to understand the biological mechanism of improving nitrogen nutrition of tomato.【Methods】The experiment consisted of two parts:field trials and pot cultivation.The treatments in the field experiment include tomato monocropping,potato onion(Nong'an)and tomato intercropping,and potato onion(Wuchang)and tomato intercropping.We determined the growth index,nitrogen uptake and yield of tomatoes to elucidate the effects of intercropping on tomato nutrient uptake,distribution and yield.The pot experiment included 4 treatments:monoculture of tomato,potato onion(Wuchang)monocropping,potato onion and tomato intercropping,and no seedling(control).The contents of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen and soil enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil of the potted tomato were measured.We used the Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology of soil bacteria and fungi diversity to clarify the effects of intercropping on the rhizosphere soil nutrients.【Results】1)The height of tomato plant increased significantly,and the yield of tomato increased significantly by 8.49%-16.92%after intercropping.2)The two intercropping treatments showed similar results.After 60 days of intercropping,the dry weight of tomato increased significantly,the distribution index of dry matter to roots decreased,while the distribution index to shoots increased.The distribution index to stems and leaves decreased,but the distribution index to fruit increased.Intercropping for 90 days significantly increased nitrogen distribution to roots and stems,but decreased nitrogen distribution to leaves.3)After 37 days of intercropping,the ammonium nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of tomato increased significantly,while the nitrate nitrogen content decreased significantly.Intercropping changed the ratio of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in soil and promoted the nitrogen absorption of tomato.The activities of urease a

关 键 词：分蘖洋葱 间作 番茄 微生物多样性 氮吸收 

分 类 号：S633.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S641.2[农业科学—园艺学] S154.3