基于市售样品质量考察的砂仁药典标准及用药部位探讨  

Discussion on Pharmacopoeia Standard and Drug Site of Amomi Fructus Based on Quality Investigation of Commercial Samples

作　　者：张军[1] 卢琪 张晓帆 戴衍朋[1] 俎龙辉 展照双[3] 石典花[1] ZHANG Jun;LU Qi;ZHANG Xiaofan;DAI Yanpeng;ZU Longhui;ZHAN Zhaoshuang;SHI Dianhua(Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250014,China;Neck-shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University,Jinan 250013,China;Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省中医药研究院,济南250014 [2]山东第一医科大学附属颈肩腰腿痛医院,济南250013 [3]山东中医药大学,济南250355

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第15期139-144,共6页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：2022年版《山东省中药饮片炮制规范》标准研究项目(山东省药品监督管理局函[2020]94号);山东省中医药高层次人才培育项目(鲁卫中医药科教字[2021]6号);全国中药特色技术传承人才培训项目(国中医药人教函[2019]43号);齐鲁医派中医学术流派传承项目(鲁卫函[2021]45号)。

摘　　要：目的:对市售砂仁质量进行考察,比较砂仁种子团和砂仁壳的差异,为规范砂仁的用法提供依据。方法:采用2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)(一部)中的方法对市售砂仁的性状、薄层鉴别、水分、乙酸龙脑酯含量进行检测,并参照2020年版《中国药典》收载方法对砂仁灰分和浸出物含量进行测定。结果:17批市售砂仁除了2批海南砂、2批海南砂和阳春砂混合品的乙酸龙脑酯含量低于标准外,其余样品质量均符合2020年版《中国药典》的标准,但存在带壳和不带壳2种规格。对砂仁种子团和砂仁壳的壳率、挥发油、浸出物和乙酸龙脑酯含量进行检测,发现3种砂仁种子团挥发油为相应壳的1.8~5.3倍,种子团乙酸龙脑酯质量分数分别为相应壳的8.8~62.1倍,但浸出物含量差别较小。结论:2020年版《中国药典》收载的海南砂乙酸龙脑酯含量标准有待商榷,建议暂定砂仁总灰分为不得超过10.0%,浸出物含量不得少于15.0%;同时建议砂仁入药时,应按去除20%~30%的壳率来计算带壳砂仁的用量,且不论带壳与否,用药时均应随配方碾碎。Objective:To investigate the quality of Amomi Fructus in the market,and to compare the difference between the seed mass and shell,so as to provide a basis for standardizing the usage of Amomi Fructus.Method:The properties,thin layer identification,moisture,the content of bornyl acetate were determined by the methods in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and the ash and extract content were determined according to the collection method of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Result:Among the 17 batches of samples,except the content of bornyl acetate in 2 batches of Amomum longiligulare,2 batches of A.longiligulare and A.villosum mixture was lower than the standard,the quality of other samples all met the standard of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,but there were two specifications with shell and without shell.The husk rate,volatile oil,extract and bornyl acetate contents of the seed mass and shell were tested.It was found that the content of volatile oil in three kinds of Amomi Fructus seed mass was 1.8-5.3 times that of the corresponding shell,and the content of bornyl acetate in the seed mass was 8.8-62.1 times that of the corresponding shell,but there was little difference in the extract content.Conclusion:Based on the above research,it is considered that the content of bornyl acetate in A.longiligulare contained in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia remains to be discussed.It is tentatively determined that the total ash content of Amomi Fructus should not be more than 10.0%,and the extract content should not be less than 15.0%.At the same time,it is suggested that when Amomi Fructus is used as medicine,the dosage of Amomi Fructus should be calculated according to the removal rate of 20%-30% of shell,and it should be crushed regardless of whether it is used in shell or not.

关 键 词：砂仁 质量评价 种子团 去壳 乙酸龙脑酯 气相色谱法(GC) 薄层色谱法(TLC) 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R931[医药卫生—中医学] R28[理学—分析化学] O657[理学—化学]