半夏产地加工方法及质量评价研究进展  

Processing Methods and Quality Evaluation of Pinelliae Rhizoma:A Review

作　　者：张雪丽 杨长福 李玮 林昶 ZHANG Xueli;YANG Changfu;LI Wei;LIN Chang(Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Under Forest,School of Pharmacy,Guizhou University of TCM,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学药学院,林下中药材研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第18期275-282,共8页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：贵州省农业农村厅项目[XATH(GZ)2020/042]。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医药典籍及相关现代研究文献,笔者系统梳理了历版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)及各地方中药志,对半夏产地加工方法的古代历史沿革、1959—2020年相关的半夏产地加工方法进行归纳总结,发现古代半夏产地加工方法主要为去皮、汤洗、石灰裹、晒干;现代各地方中药志中半夏产地加工方法以堆放、去皮、晒干或烘干为主,历版《中国药典》中收录的半夏产地加工方法基本一致为洗净、去皮及须根、晒干。此外不同历史时期半夏药材的质量评价发生了一定变化,古代半夏质量评价中以圆、白者为佳;现代本草中评价指标进一步细化到大小、颜色、质地、粉性、净度及均匀度;而现代研究中则大多以半夏的生物碱、有机酸、多糖、核苷等化学成分含量、指纹图谱及药效学研究评价其质量。现阶段半夏产地加工中净制、干燥阶段正处于传统人工去皮、自然晾晒等方法向现代机械化、规模化生产的过渡阶段,亟需制定出合理可行的现代产地加工方法及指导要求,以规范半夏产地加工、保证药材质量。In this paper,by consulting the historical herbs and medical classics coupled with related literature in modern research,the historical edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and local chronicles of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)along with the ancient historical evolution of the processing methods of Pinelliae Rhizoma origin as well as the related processing methods of Pinelliae Rhizoma origin from 1959 to 2020 were systematically collated and summarized.It was found that the main processing methods of Pinelliae Rhizoma origin were peeling,decoction washing,lime wrapping and sun-drying.However,stacking,peeling,sundrying or oven-drying are the primary methods in modern local chronicles of TCM.Meanwhile,washing,peeling,removing fibrous roots and sun-drying are the main methods in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.In addition,there were some changes in the quality evaluation of Pinelliae Rhizoma in different historical periods.Round and white were the best in the quality evaluation of Pinelliae Rhizoma in ancient times,while the evaluation indexes were further refined to size,color,texture,powder property,purity and evenness in modern herbal works.In modern studies,the quality of Pinelliae Rhizoma was mostly evaluated by the chemical components such as alkaloids,total organic acids,polysaccharides,nucleosides,fingerprint and pharmacodynamics.At present,the purification and drying stages of Pinelliae Rhizoma are in the transitional stage between the traditional manual peeling and natural drying methods as well as the modern mechanized and large-scale production.Therefore,a reasonable and feasible modern processing methods and guiding standards of Pinelliae Rhizoma are developed urgently to normalize the processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma and ensure the quality of medicinal materials.

关 键 词：半夏 采收 产地加工 历史沿革 质量评价 《中华人民共和国药典》 化学成分 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] G353.11[文化科学—情报学] R93