变转速工况下高速列车轴承转子系统特性分析  

CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS ON BEARING ROTOR SYSTEM OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN UNDER VARIABLE SPEED CONDITIONS

作　　者：王宝森[1,2,3] 刘永强 张斌[3] Wang Baosen;Liu Yongqiang;Zhang Bin(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;School of Traffic and Transportation,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;College of Computing and Engineering,University of South Carolina,Columbia 29208,South Carolina,USA)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,石家庄050043 [2]石家庄铁道大学交通运输学院,石家庄050043 [3]南卡罗来纳大学工程与计算机学院,美国哥伦比亚29208

出　　处：《力学学报》2022年第7期1839-1852,共14页Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFB2007700);国家自然科学基金(11790282,12032017,12002221,11872256);河北省科技计划(20310803D);河北省自然科学基金(A2020210028);河北省教育厅科技计划(ZD2021093);留学基金委资助项目。

摘　　要：高速列车的发展使得其关键零部件——轴承的安全问题日益突出.现有的轴承模型均是建立在匀速工况下,不能描述系统在变转速工况下运动状态.为了解决这个问题,建立了一个变转速工况下高速列车轴箱轴承转子系统动力学模型,模型通过角度迭代计算得到了滚动体在不均匀时间内转过的总角度,进而确定了滚动体在任意时刻的空间位置.在匀速工况和变转速工况下,对具有外圈故障的轴承模型进行了实验对比,验证了模型的有效性.利用轴心轨迹定性分析了外圈故障、内圈故障和滚动体故障对系统稳定性的影响,并通过实验验证了分析结果的可靠性.利用二维不变矩作为特征指标定量分析了三类故障对系统稳定性的影响.分析结果表明:当轴承角加速度较小时,外圈故障对系统稳定性影响最大;当轴承角加速度较大时,滚动体故障对系统稳定性影响最大,但是影响程度随着故障尺寸的变大而逐渐减小.同样地,利用二维不变矩作为特征指标进行了系统的稳定性临界状态分析,确定了在不同转速工况下和不同故障类型下临界状态对应的最大故障尺寸.研究结果表明:随着轴承内圈转速的上升,不同故障类型对应的最大尺寸都会减小,其中滚动体故障尺寸大都是最小的,说明滚动体故障对系统稳定性影响最大.The development of high-speed trains has made the safety problem of its key components—bearings increasingly prominent.Existing bearing models are all established under uniform speed conditions and cannot describe the motion state of the system under variable speed conditions.To solve this problem,a dynamic model of the axle box bearing rotor system of a high-speed train under variable speed conditions is established.The model uses angle iteration to calculate the total angle that the rolling elements have rotated in an uneven time,and then determines the spatial position of the rolling elements at any time.Comparison experiments and simulations were carried out under constant speed and variable speed conditions,and they have a good agreement,which verifies the effectiveness of the model.The influence of outer ring fault,inner ring fault,and rolling element fault on the system stability are qualitatively analyzed by the axis trajectory,and the reliability of the analysis results is verified by experiments.The twodimensional moment invariants are used as a characteristic indicator to quantitatively analyze the influence of three types of faults on system stability.The analysis results show that under uniform speed conditions,the effects of different types of faults on train stability are small.Under variable speed conditions,the outer ring fault has the greatest impact when the angular acceleration is slight,and the rolling element fault has the greatest impact when the angular acceleration is large,but the degree of impact gradually decreases with the size of the fault.Similarly,two-dimensional moment invariants are used to analyze the stability critical state of the rotor system and determine the maximum fault size corresponding to the critical state under different speed conditions and different fault types.The results show that that with the increase of the speed of the bearing inner ring,the maximum size corresponding to different fault types will decrease,and the fault size of the rolling element is mostly

关 键 词：高速列车 轴承模型 变转速工况 稳定性分析 二维不变矩 

分 类 号：U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程]