高氮低硫型酸雨对桑树幼苗光合性能的影响  

The efects of simulated acid rain with high nitrogen and low sulfur on photosynthetic performance of mulberry seedlings

作　　者：葛传鑫 王旭锐 段志祎 赵士康 唐凌云 张秀丽[1] GE Chuanxin;WANG Xurui;DUAN Zhiyi;ZHAO Shikang;TANG Lingyun;ZHANG Xiuli(College of Life Science,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2022年第7期1284-1294,共11页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：黑龙江省青年科学基金(LH2021C009);东北林业大学校级大学生创新项目(2021102251217);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2572017CA21);国家自然科学基金(31600508)。

摘　　要：为了探明高氮低硫型酸雨对桑树(Morus alba)幼苗叶片结构和光合特性的影响,采用环境可控的温室盆栽法,对一年生秋雨桑实生苗进行模拟酸雨处理。结果发现:用p H为4.5的酸雨处理的桑树叶片结构未发生明显变化,叶绿体基质中无淀粉粒;而p H≤4.0的桑树叶片表层粗糙、叶脉干瘪,叶绿体解离程度随着p H值的下降而加重,叶绿体中有少量的淀粉颗粒。桑树叶片的净光合速率,蒸腾速率、气孔导度随着模拟酸雨pH值下降而显著下降,呼吸速率、光呼吸速率和水分利用效率则显著升高。桑树叶片光化学淬灭系数和电子传递速率随着光强的增大而显著降低,而实际光化学效率和非光化学淬灭值随着光强的增大而显著升高。在光强超过900μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时桑树叶片光系统II吸收光能用于光化学反应的能量减小,而用于热耗散的能量增大。即桑树通过调整叶片呼吸强度、增加热耗散和提高水分利用效率等途径抵抗酸雨,可在适度高氮低硫型酸雨沉降频发地区种植。In order to explore the effects of high nitrogen and low sulfur acid rain on the leaf structure and photosynthetic characteristics of mulberry (Morus alba) seedlings,for keeping consistent conditions of mulberry growth,greenhouse experiments were carried out.The results showed that the culticle surface and chloroplast internal structure of mulberry leaves have not changed significantly in simulated acid rain treatment at pH 4.5,but starch grains in chloroplast matrix disappeared.However,the surface roughness,withered veins and degree of chloroplast dissociation were increased with the decrease of p H values.However,there was a small number of starch granules in simulated acid rain treatments (pH≤4.0),indicating that the transport of assimilates was hindered by the dissociation of chloroplast membrane.The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were decreased obviously with the decrease of acid rain p H value,while respiration rate,photorespiration rate and water use efficiency were increased significantly.Photochemical quenching coefficient and electron transfer rate were reduced significantly with the increase of light intensity,while the actual photochemical efficiency and the non-photochemical quenching value was increased significantly with the increase of light intensity.While,the light intensity exceeds 900μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),the energy absorbed by photosystem II uesd for photochemical reaction was decreased,while the energy used for heat dissipation was increased.Mulberry could resist and adapt to moderate acid rain by adjusting leaf respiration metabolism,increasing heat dissipation and improving water use efficiency.And mulberry could be planted and popularized in areas with moderate-high nitrogen and low sulfur acid rain deposition frequency.Therefore,mulberry can be planted and popularized in acid rain with high nitrogen and low sulfur deposition areas.

关 键 词：扫描电镜 超微结构 荧光响应曲线 激发能分配 

分 类 号：S888.2[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]