硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂对内蒙古马铃薯产量及经济效益的影响  

Effect of Si-Ca-K-Mg soil conditioner on potato yield and economic benefits in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：王贺东 杨海波 万夫伟[1] 李小燕[1] 李斐 解秋 WANG He-dong;YANG Hai-bo;WAN Fu-wei;LI Xiao-yan;LI Fei;XIE Qiu(Tianjin Cement IndustryDesign and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300400;College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,InnerMongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010018)

机构地区：[1]天津水泥工业设计研究院有限公司,天津300400 [2]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第7期126-131,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFB0310801)。

摘　　要：通过2年田间试验,研究不同用量硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂对马铃薯产量及经济效益的影响。选取2个试验点,每个试验点均设置6个处理,分别为CK(不施氮)、C(单施土壤调理剂)、FU(习惯施肥)、FC1(习惯施肥+600/300 kg·hm^(-2)土壤调理剂)、FC2(习惯施肥+900/600 kg·hm^(-2)土壤调理剂)、FC3(习惯施肥+1200/900 kg·hm^(-2)土壤调理剂)。结果表明:(1)与FU处理相比,增施硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂后,在2018年,马铃薯产量和商品率分别提高了11.9%~21.1%和14.1%~20.9%;在2019年,FC2处理马铃薯产量也显著提高,而商品率无显著变化。(2)在2018年,FC3处理的植株氮素含量、FC1和FC3处理块茎钾素含量均显著提高;在2019年,FC1和FC3处理块茎氮素含量显著提高。此外,在2019年,施用硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂抑制了块茎对磷素的吸收。(3)2018年,增施硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂处理氮肥利用率提高5.0%~11.9%,氮肥农学效率提高14.7~26.0 kg·kg^(-1);在2019年,氮肥利用率提高4.4%~14.9%,氮肥农学效率提高4.4~35.3 kg·kg^(-1)。(4)2018年,增施硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂处理产值增加5256.41~7230.77元·hm^(-2),收益增加3456.41~4830.77元·hm^(-2);2019年,产值增加1862.87~10060.43元·hm^(-2);收益增加1262.87~8860.43元·hm^(-2)。由此可见,硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂促进马铃薯对养分的吸收并提高氮肥利用率,且马铃薯产量与硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂施用量有一定的相关性;推荐在当地马铃薯田硅钙钾镁土壤调理剂施用量为600 kg·hm^(-2)。Two years of field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different amounts of Si-Ca-K-Mg soil conditioner on potato yield and economic benefits.This test took two sites and both were set up six treatments:CK(no nitrogen),C(single soil conditioner),FU(habitual fertilizer),FC1(fertilizer+application of 600/300 kg·hm^(-2)soil conditioner),FC2(fertilizer+application of 900/600 kg·hm^(-2)soil conditioner),FC3(fertilizer+application of 1200/900 kg·hm^(-2)soil conditioner).The results showed that,(1)Compared with the FU treatment,after the application of sulphur-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioner,Potato yield and commodity rate increased by 11.9%~21.1%and 14.1%~20.9%respectively in 2018.In 2019,potato yield under FC2 treatment also increased significantly,while commercial potato yield did not change significantly.(2)The nitrogen content of plants of FC3 and potassium content of tubers of FC1 and FC3 significantly increased in 2018.In 2019,nitrogen content in tubers of FC1 and FC3 treatments significantly increased.In addition,in 2019,application of sulphur-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioner inhibited the uptake of phosphorus by tubers.(3)The nitrogen utilization rate of sulphur-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioner treatments increased by 5.0%~11.9%,and nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased by 14.7~26.0 kg·kg^(-1)in 2018.In 2019,nitrogen utilization rate increased by 4.4%~14.9%and nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased by 4.4~35.3 kg·kg^(-1).(4)In 2018,the output value of sulphur-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioner treatments increased by 5256.41~7230.77 yuan·hm^(-2),and the income increased by 3456.41~4830.77 yuan·hm^(-2);In 2019,its output value increased by 1862.87~10060.43 yuan·hm^(-2);Revenue increased by 1262.87~8860.43 yuan·hm^(-2).It can be concluded that promoting nutrient absorption and improving nitrogen use efficiency are the important reasons for potato yield increase,and potato yield is correlated with the application amount sulphur-calcium-potas

关 键 词：土壤调理剂 马铃薯 产量 经济效益 产投比 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]