2020年防震减灾公共服务现状和地震预警需求全国公众调查结果研究  

Research on the results of national public survey on the status of earthquake disaster mitigation services and the demand for earthquake early warning in 2020

作　　者：连尉平 李玉梅 刘培玄 朱林 Lian Weiping;Li Yumei;Liu Peixuan;Zhu Lin(Development Research Center of China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100036,China;China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局发展研究中心,中国北京100036 [2]中国地震灾害防御中心,中国北京100029

出　　处：《地震学报》2022年第4期700-710,共11页Acta Seismologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFB050190204);2020年财政项目全国公众防震减灾服务评价调查(2240550)联合资助。

摘　　要：做好地震信息服务需要深入研究服务的公众触达和反馈。随着国家地震预警工程的推进,地震预警系统即将大范围面向公众提供服务,因此公众的地震预警需求、地震预警误报接受程度等问题亟需研究。本文设计了防震减灾公共服务公众接触率及公众满意度调查指标体系,用以量化测量防震减灾公共服务的公众触达现状和反馈评价,并取得了较好的效果。全国公众调查结果显示,分别有80.7%,56.2%,29.5%和26.7%的受访者接触过地震速报信息服务、防震减灾知识科普、自建房抗震咨询服务和各级地震部门门户平台,各项服务的公众接触有明显的区域和人群特征。公众反馈评价总体较好,但是地震速报信息服务及时性的满意度评价得分相对较低,显示公众对地震速报信息发布时效性在近年来取得的进步缺乏直观感受。地震预警公众需求研究结果显示,88.3%的公众认为地震预警有必要,56.8%的公众对地震预警信息有强烈需求,公众对地震预警误报的接受程度在过去十年时间里保持在一个较高水平,大城市和地震多发区公众对地震预警的需求和对地震预警误报接受程度均显著高于全国公众总体水平。Earthquake information services require in-depth research on the public reach and feedback. Research on the public earthquake early warning needs and the acceptance of false alarms has recently become sincerely necessary for the earthquake early warning system is about to provide services to the public on a large scale due to the advancement of the national earthquake early warning project. This paper designs a survey index system including public reach rate and public satisfaction to quantitatively measure the public reach and satisfaction of earthquake disaster mitigation services and has achieved good results. The results of the nationwide public survey show that 80.7%,56.2%,29.5% and 26.7% of the public have contacted the four services including earthquake quick report service,earthquake knowledge popularization,earthquake resistance consulting service for self-built houses,and information portals of earthquake departments at all levels. The public contact of the services has obvious regional characteristics and group characteristics. The public satisfaction is generally high,but the timeliness satisfaction evaluation score of the earthquake quick report service is relatively low. The public lacks an intuitive experience of its timeliness improvement in recent years. Research on the public demand of earthquake early warning shows that 88.3% of the public believe that it is necessary,56.8% of the public have a strong demand for it,and the public acceptance of false alarms has remained at a high level in the past ten years. In large cities and the earthquake-prone areas,the public demand for earthquake early warning and the acceptance of false alarms are visibly higher than the overall nationwide level.

关 键 词：防震减灾 公共服务 满意度 地震预警 地震速报 指标体系 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] C811[社会学—统计学] P315.9[天文地球—地震学]