运载火箭动力系统故障下制导控制技术研究进展  

Overview of Guidance and Control Technologies for Launch Vehicles under Propulsion System Faults

作　　者：李爽 刘旭 叶松[2] 林子瑞 LI Shuang;LIU Xu;YE Song;LIN Zirui(College of Astronautics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,Jiangsu,China;Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Institute,Beijing 100854,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航天学院,江苏南京211106 [2]北京航天自动控制研究所,北京100854

出　　处：《上海航天（中英文）》2022年第4期76-93,共18页Aerospace Shanghai（Chinese&English）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61273051,11672126);航天一院高校联合创新基金(CALT201703)。

摘　　要：动力系统故障是导致运载火箭发射任务失败的最常见原因,从动力系统故障建模、自主制导和容错控制方面,系统地阐述了动力系统故障下运载火箭制导控制技术的研究进展,为发展新型制导控制算法提供了思路。建立了推力下降故障和执行机构故障的数学建模,并对比了国内外先进运载火箭的制导控制性能;总结了动力系统故障下自主制导所涉及的轨迹优化和制导算法;在被动、主动容错控制框架内,回顾了典型的故障诊断、控制重构、容错控制和震动抑制方法;同时,概述了人工智能技术在自主制导和容错控制方面的应用;结合“会学习”的运载火箭概念,讨论了人工智能技术在促进运载火箭自主化和智能化方面的发展趋势,对未来智慧火箭的制导控制技术进行了展望。Propulsion system faults are the most common causes for launch vehicle failure. In this paper,the guidance and control technologies for launch vehicles under propulsion system faults are overviewed from the aspects of fault modeling,autonomous guidance,and fault-tolerant control,which may enlighten the development of new guidance and control algorithms. First,the mathematical modeling of thrust drop and actuator faults is established,and the guidance and control performance of advanced launch vehicles at home and abroad is compared. Second,the trajectory optimization and guidance algorithms involved in autonomous guidance under faults are summarized. Third,the typical fault diagnosis,control reconstruction,fault-tolerant control,and vibration suppression methods within the framework of passive and active fault-tolerant control are reviewed. Meanwhile,the application of artificial intelligence technologies to fault diagnosis and guidance control is summarized. Finally,with the introduction of the“learning”launch vehicle concept,the development trend of artificial intelligence technologies in improving the autonomy and intelligence of launch vehicles is discussed,and the guidance and control technologies for future intelligent launch vehicles are envisaged.

关 键 词：运载火箭 动力系统故障 故障诊断 制导控制 人工智能 

分 类 号：V448.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]