考虑航线网络重叠航段的双寡头竞争市场集装箱班轮运输动态定价模型  

A dynamic pricing model of container liner shipping with overlapping legs on shipping network in a duopoly competition market

作　　者：宋巍 杨华龙 郑建风 SONG Wei;YANG Hualong;ZHENG Jianfeng(School of Transportation Engineering,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学交通运输工程学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2022年第5期205-214,共10页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72071024、71871036);中央高校基本科研业务费(01760431)。

摘　　要：本文针对包含航线网络重叠航段的双寡头竞争市场集装箱班轮运输动态定价问题,分析了即期市场客户运价敏感度与运输需求关系,探讨了在航线网络重叠航段上运价变化对货流量分配的影响,据此结合市场竞争强度因素和竞争对手的定价策略,建立了双寡头竞争市场集装箱班轮运输分时段动态定价模型,运用库恩-塔克条件,设计了模型的求解算法。算例结果显示,采取本文的动态定价策略将会使得两家双寡头船公司的收益都显著增加。研究表明:船公司之间通过组建班轮联盟加强合作,不仅可以避免价格战,而且能够减缓市场竞争强度对运价的负面影响;船公司可以根据客户运价敏感度因素对即期市场客户进行合理地分类,从而降低客户运价敏感度对集装箱运输需求的不利影响,以提高集装箱班轮运输收益。Container liner shipping is an important backbone for international trade marine transportation of industry products.After the 2008 financial crisis and especially with the recent COVID-19 pandemic,the international liner shipping has been at a low ebb.It has experienced an overall imbalance in the supply and demand of transportation capacity,prolonged recession periods,and low-level fluctuations in freight rates.Moreover,the imbalance between supply and demand has been extremely prominent and the operating cost has risen drastically.Therefore,competition between liner companies has grown fiercer.To reduce operating costs and increase their market share and shipping competitiveness,container liner companies have strengthened their cooperation and formed shipping liner alliances.With dominant ocean carriers and the merger of the carriers′industry,the carrier competition exhibits an oligopolistic nature.The capital-intensive nature of regular shipping services has led to fierce competition between shipping lines.Low service differentiation in liner shipping implies that competition in this industry is mainly on a cost or price(freight rate)basis.Therefore,how to formulate reasonable container liner freight rates has become a core decision-making issue for shipping companies in an oligopolistic market.Furthermore,with the advent of online booking systems,such as the one operated by Maersk Line,adjusting real-time prices can become less costly,which will make a dynamic pricing strategy possible and necessary.In view of this,this paper focuses on the dynamic pricing strategy of container liner shipping in a duopoly market.This paper makes the following contributions to the literature.(1)It contributes to the literature by expanding the current literature by exploring the dynamic pricing problem that extends from a single origin-destination(OD)stream to multiple OD streams under a liner shipping network.(2)A time-phrased dynamic pricing game strategy is proposed to solve the pricing problem of liner shipping networks

关 键 词：集装箱班轮运输 动态定价 双寡头竞争即期市场 航线网络重叠航段 库恩-塔克条件 

分 类 号：U169[交通运输工程] F550.5[经济管理—产业经济]