基于社会参照论的老年人自杀意念相关的心理落差质性研究  

Psychological gaps related to the suicidal ideation in the elderly based on Social Reference Theory:a qualitative study

作　　者：张丹 田一农 张杰[3] 苏永刚 Zhang Dan;Tian Yinong;Zhang Jie;Su Yonggang(School of Basic Medical Sciences,Shandong University,Ji'nan 250012,China;School of Foreign Languages and Literature,Shandong University,Ji'nan 250100,China;Department of Sociology,State University of New York College at Buffalo,Buffalo NY 14222,USA)

机构地区：[1]山东大学基础医学院,山东济南250012 [2]山东大学外国语学院,山东济南250100 [3]美国纽约州立大学布法罗分院社会学系,纽约州布法罗14222

出　　处：《四川精神卫生》2022年第4期349-353,共5页Sichuan Mental Health

摘　　要：目的基于社会参照论,揭示老年人自杀意念的心理落差,以期为老年人的心理危机干预与管理提出对策。方法采用目的抽样法,于2018年-2019年在山东省济南市37所养老机构筛选出19名有自杀意念和自杀未遂史的老年人为研究对象。对老年人进行半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi的七步分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果有自杀意念的老年人往往经受了强烈的心理落差,包括健康与功能落差、家庭角色落差、社会整合落差、孝顺期望落差以及理想自我落差。结论心理落差是老年人出现自杀意念的重要心理动机,降低心理落差感可作为老年人自杀干预的突破口。Objective To unmask the psychological gaps related to suicide ideation in the elderly based on Social Reference Theory,so as to put forward countermeasures for psychological crisis intervention and management.Methods From 2018 to 2019,purposive sampling was adopted to select 19 elderly people with history of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt from 37 geriatric nursing institutions in Ji'nan,Shandong province.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the elderly,and the collected data were processed by Colaizzi seven-step analysis method.Results The qualitative analysis showed that the elderly with suicidal ideation often experienced strong psychological gaps,including physical condition and function gap,family role gap,socially isolated and lonely gap,filial expectation gap and the gap between the real self and ideal self.Conclusion The psychological gaps serve as the main psychological motivator for suicidal ideation in the elderly,therefore,reducing the psychological gaps can be a new approach for the suicide intervention among the elderly.

关 键 词：老年 自杀意念 落差 社会参照论 质性研究 

分 类 号：R749.4[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]