曲霉属的现代分类命名研究进展  

Research Progress in Modern Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Aspergillus

作　　者：刘警鞠 张雨森 陈娟[2] 孙炳达[3] 赵国柱 LIU Jing-ju;ZHANG Yu-sen;CHEN Juan;SUN Bing-da;ZHAO Guo-zhu(College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193;China General Microbiological Culture Collection Centre,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院林业食品加工与安全北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [3]中国科学院微生物研究所中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,北京100101

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2022年第7期109-118,共10页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31093440,31570019)。

摘　　要：曲霉属真菌的利用及发现命名历史悠久,分类体系不断变化,2011年7月通过的《国际藻类、菌物、植物命名法规》(墨尔本法规),规定了“一种真菌一个名称”条款在2013年1月1日生效,改变了原先真菌物种可以多名称,有性型优先代表全型的规则,对曲霉分类命名影响巨大。目前,国际上对曲霉属及相关的属种进行了大规模系统分类修订,更注重分子系统发育结果,推荐的曲霉标准现代多相分类方法主要包括:一、分子生物学测定通用DNA分子条形码ITS序列及特定的第二条形码基因(钙调蛋白,β-微管蛋白及RNA聚合酶II第二大亚基等);二、形态学特征(基物、标准培养基、培养条件、菌落、分生孢子头、子囊孢子等);三、代谢物谱(extrolite)分析(毒素、酶、有机酸、抗生素及其他次级代谢产物等)。新分类系统形成的曲霉属现代分类保留Aspergillus 为代表曲霉属唯一合法的名称,灰绿曲霉Aspergillus glaucus为模式种,属下包含6个亚属,27个组,75个系/族,446个接受种,原有性型属种(名称)据系统发育关系被废除、组合或独立。本文总结了曲霉分类历史,重点阐述墨尔本法规影响下曲霉属的修订变化、现代的分类系统、全基因组分析技术在曲霉研究中的应用,及我国曲霉属的研究现状及建议等,旨在为规范曲霉的分类、命名、合法名称的使用及曲霉真菌和基因资源挖掘等提供参考。The discovery and use of Aspergillus fungi have been a long history,while its taxonomy constantly changes.According to articles of ‘International code of nomenclature for algae,fungi and plants’(Melbourne Code,July,2011),“one fungus,one name,1F1N” has been applied to fungi since January 1,2013.It changed the rule of that the fungi could have multiple names and teleomorph could represent the holomorph,which had a great impact on Aspergillus taxonomy.Since then,Aspergillus and its related genera had been systematically revised on a large scale in the world.The new revisions paid more attention to the results of molecular phylogeny,and the standard modern polyphasic methods recommended for Aspergillus classification mainly included:I.Molecular biology by determining universal ITS rDNA molecular barcode and specific second barcode(calmodulin CaM,β-tubulin BenA and RNA polymerase II second subunit RPB2,etc.);II.morphological characteristics(substrate,standard medium,incubation conditions,colony,conidial head,ascospores,etc.);III.extrolite analysis(toxins,enzymes,organic acids,antibiotics and other secondary metabolites,etc.).The modern classification of Aspergillus formed by the new classification system retains Aspergillus as the only legal generic name,including 446 species,subdivided in 6 subgenera,27 sections and 75 series,Aspergillus glaucus was the type species.All related teleomorphic genera and species(names)were abolished,combined,or removed independently.In this paper,we briefly summarized the taxonomic history of Aspergillus,focusing on revision changes,modern taxonomy and genome-wide analysis techniques of Aspergillus in its study under the influence of new article of Melbourne Code,also including some comments and suggestions about present research status of Aspergillus in China.The purpose of this study is to provide reference for the standardization of classification,nomenclature,use of legal names,and the mining of Aspergillus fungi and gene resources.

关 键 词：散囊菌属 有性型 多相分类 分子系统发育 子囊菌门 全基因组分析 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]