微塑料的环境老化机制及效应研究进展  

Environmental aging of microplastic:Processes,mechanisms and implications

作　　者：赵梦婷 秦艺源 邱野 祝美玲 陈威[1] ZHAO Mengting;QIN Yiyuan;QIU Ye;ZHU Meiling;CHEN Wei(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control,Tianjin,300350,China;Faculty of Science and Technology,University of Macao,Macao,999078,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室,天津市城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室,天津300350 [2]澳门大学科技学院,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第8期2465-2477,共13页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21876089);高等学校学科创新引智计划(111计划,T2017002)资助。

摘　　要：微塑料通常是指尺寸小于5 mm的塑料颗粒.环境中微塑料的来源主要包括微米尺度塑料的直接排放,以及大块塑料制品的降解破碎.微塑料在环境中的存在和富集对人体健康和生态环境产生严重危害,微塑料污染问题已在全球范围内引起广泛关注.环境中的微塑料可在机械力、紫外线、高温、化学物质和生物等多种因素的作用下发生复杂的物理、化学和生物老化,导致微塑料表观形貌、分子结构及化学组成等理化性质的改变,进而显著影响其迁移特征、富集和载带污染物的能力,以及对生物体的毒性效应机制.本文综述了微塑料在环境因子作用下可能发生的物理化学性质变化以及相应的老化机制,分析了老化对微塑料环境行为和效应的影响,指出了未来研究应更加关注微塑料在真实环境下的老化过程,量化老化程度,建立老化对微塑料环境效应影响的关系曲线并开发预测模型.Microplastics,commonly referring to plastic particles ≤ 5 mm in size,can enter the environment either from direct release of micro-sized plastics contained in consumer products,or from the degradation and fragmentation of bulk plastic debris.The wide spread of microplastics in the environment poses serious risks to human health and ecological environment,and thus,has become an increasing environmental concern.In natural environments microplastics can undergo various chemical,physical and biological transformation,as affected by mechanical forces,ultraviolet irradiation,high temperature,as well as chemical and biological stresses.Environmental transformation can markedly affect the morphology,molecular structure and chemical compositions of microplastics,which in turn affect their transport,affinities for contaminants,and toxicity.In this paper we summarize the physicochemical changes of microplastics due to environmental aging processes,the underlying mechanisms,and the effects on their environmental behaviors and implications.We propose that future research should focus on understanding aging processes of microplastics in realistic environments,and on developing correlations and models for quantifying the extents of aging due to environmental stresses.

关 键 词：微塑料 环境老化 环境效应 迁移 富集污染物 生物毒性 

分 类 号：X50[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171.5