雅斯贝斯论莱辛作品的生存论根源  

Jaspers on the Existential Roots of Lessing’s Work

作　　者：孙秀昌[1] SUN Xiuchang

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学文学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2022年第4期254-267,共14页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“雅斯贝斯艺术家论研究”(项目编号:13BWW003)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：雅斯贝斯将德国启蒙运动时期颇具影响力的剧作家、评论家莱辛视为一位苏格拉底式的唤醒者,并将其列入《大哲学家》第二卷。在专论莱辛的文字中,雅斯贝斯结合莱辛的生平与创作阐发了孕生其作品的生存论根源。具体而言,莱辛作品的生存论根源主要涵括两个方面:一是自由意志与人生自觉,二是不幸遭际与男子汉气概。在雅斯贝斯看来,莱辛是一位敢于直面“临界处境”实现自我拯救的生存个体,他在经历“无知”“眩晕”“畏惧”“良知”之类的“本源运动”后,终于在“爱”“信仰”“想象”之类“实现了的绝对意识”那里获致了从事“绝对行动”的勇气;更为重要的是,他通过自己的作品将刻骨铭心的苦难与失败转化成了见证纯然真理、表达本真信仰的“密码”。从这个意义上说,莱辛的作品就是这样一种独具人文幽趣且恒放人性光辉的密码语言。从根底处看,雅斯贝斯是以其祈向超越之维的生存哲学为底据来诠说莱辛的,他将莱辛的作品视为其生存性向的直观呈现,从而为莱辛研究史提供了一个独特的范式--生存哲学的研究范式。Karl Jaspers regarded Lessing,an influential playwright and critic during the German Enlightenment,as a Socratic awakener and listed him in the second volume of The Great Philosopher.In the monograph on Lessing,Karl Jaspers expounded the existential root of Lessing’sworksin associated with Lessing’s life experience and writing practice.Specifically,the existential root of Lessing’s works mainly includes two aspects:one is free will and life consciousness,and the other is misfortune and manhood.In Karl Jaspers’view,Lessing is an individual of existence who dares to face the“boundary situations”(Grenzsituationen)and to realize self-salvation.After experiencing the“immanent movement,”such as“ignorance,”“vertigo,”“fear,”and“conscience,”Lessing finally gained the courage to engage in“absolute action”in the“absolute consciousnessattained,”such as“love,”“faith,”and“imagination.”More importantly,through his works,Lessing transformed his suffering and failure engraved in his heart into“codes”to testify the pure truth and express his true faith.In this sense,Lessing’s works are a cipher language with suchunique humanistic charm and everlasting glory of human nature.In essence,Karl Jaspers interpreted Lessing on the basis of his existential philosophy which advocates the realm of transcendence.Karl regarded Lessing’s works as an intuitive presentation of his existential orientation,providing a unique paradigm for the historyoftheresearch on Lessing,i.e.,the research paradigm ofexistential philosophy.

关 键 词：莱辛 雅斯贝斯 生存 爱 理性 交流 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]