杜诗“法华三车喻”钱笺辨议  

On Qian Qianyi’s Annotation on the Metaphor of the Three Carts in Saddharmapundarika Sutra in Du Fu’s Poem

作　　者：王帅[1] 王红蕾[2] WANG Shuai;WANG Hong-lei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所,100075 [2]国家图书馆,100081

出　　处：《杜甫研究学刊》2022年第3期17-26,38,共11页Journal of Du fu Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“六朝譬喻文学研究”(20BZW050)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：钱谦益引《宋高僧传·大慈恩寺窥基传》中“三车和尚”的典故笺注杜诗“双树容听法,三车肯载书”一句,看似颠覆旧说,翻出新意。但通过文学赏析和史料考证可以确定此条笺注是错误的。它并不符合高、杜二人赠答诗的本义。而且“三车和尚”之说并非史实,是南宋之际出现的传说。“法华三车喻”在杜诗以及唐宋其他文人诗歌中多次出现,均取《法华经·譬喻品》的本义。钱谦益对于这一典故是非常清楚的,并曾在诗歌中使用过。之所以误注,与其注释杜诗时“刻意求新”的心态和“以注为著”的方法有关。Qian Qianyi quoted the allusion of “three-cart-monk” in the Biography of the Song monks · Biography of Ci’en Peiji of the Tang Dynasty to annotate a stanza in Du’s poem:“Shorea robusta is willing to listen to the Sutra, and three carts are willing to carry Buddhist books”,which seems to subvert the old saying,but proved to be wrong by literary appreciation and historical research. It does not conform to the original meaning of poems of social intercourse and response between Gao Shi and Du Fu.Moreover,“three-cart-monk” is more of a legend that appeared during the Southern Song Dynasty rather than a historical fact. The metaphor of the three carts in Saddharmapundarika Sutra appeared many times in poems by Du and other literati in the Tang and Song Dynasties, all of which took the original meaning of the metaphor in Saddharmapundarika Sutra. Qian Qian Yi knew this allusion very well and used it in his poetry. The reason for this mis-annotation is related to his “deliberate search for novelty” and his method of “using notes as writings” when annotating Du’s poems.

关 键 词：杜诗 《法华经》 三车喻 以杜证杜 《钱注杜诗》 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]