高校创业教育能否提高地区创业水平?——内外部创业的双重视角  

Can university entrepreneurship education improve regional entrepreneurship level?——Dual perspectives of internal and external entrepreneurship

作　　者：宗晓华[1] 王立成 ZONG Xiaohua;WANG Licheng(Institute of Education,Nanjing university,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学教育研究院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《高校教育管理》2022年第5期73-86,105,共15页Journal of Higher Education Management

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学重点项目(2017ZDIXM070);国家教育考试科研规划重点课题(GJK2019022)。

摘　　要：近年来高校创业教育蓬勃开展,然而高校毕业生自主创业比重却在持续下降,这一现象引发我们思考高校创业教育是否能够带来预期的社会效益。本研究依据2015—2020年省级面板数据,基于内外部创业的双重视角,实证分析高校创业教育对地区创业水平的影响。研究发现,高校创业教育对地区外部创业与内部创业均具有显著和稳健的促进作用。然而,对于外部创业而言,高校创业教育的影响则表现出明显的行业异质性。同时高校创业教育的作用还具有显著的空间异质性和时间滞后性特征。鉴于此,未来我国应进一步丰富高校创业教育的内涵,建立内外部创业并重的评价体系;加强对毕业生创业行业的政策引导,激发科技创新导向的创业热情;鼓励高校毕业生采取差异化的地域创业战略,提高创业成功率;适当延长高校毕业生创业的“保护期”,完善创业追踪帮扶机制。The entrepreneurship education in university has developed prosperously in recent years,on the contrary,the proportion of college graduates′independent entrepreneurship has continued to decline.This phenomenon leads us to consider whether the entrepreneurship education in university can bring expected social benefits.Based on the provincial panel data from 2015 to 2020 and the dual perspectives of internal and external entrepreneurship,this study uses empirical methods to explore the effect of university entrepreneurship education on regional entrepreneurship level.It is found that university entrepreneurship education plays a robust role in promoting regional external and internal entrepreneurship.However,for external entrepreneurship,the impact of entrepreneurship education in universities shows obvious industrial heterogeneity.At the same time,the role of entrepreneurship education in universities has significant spatial heterogeneity and time lag characteristics.Therefore,in the future,we should further expand the connotation of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities,establish an evaluation system that pays equal attention to both internal and external entrepreneurship,strengthen the policy guidance for the graduates′entrepreneurship industry,stimulate the entrepreneurial enthusiasm guided by scientific and technological innovation,encourage college graduates to adopt differentiated regional entrepreneurship strategies to improve the success rate of entrepreneurship,extend the"protection period"for college graduates to start businesses,and improve the tracking and assistance mechanism for starting businesses.

关 键 词：高校 创业教育 地区创业水平 内部创业 外部创业 行业异质性 空间异质性 时间滞后性 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]