电动汽车用减速器传动效率影响因素研究  

Research on Factors Affecting the Reducer Transmission Efficiency of Electric Vehicles

作　　者：陈锋 李威霖 何胤达 张众杰 吕冰海[1] 杨庆华[1] Chen Feng;Li Weilin;He Yinda;Zhang Zhongjie;LüBinghai;Yang Qinghua(College of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;Key Laboratory of New Energy Automotive Drive Systems for Zhejiang Market Regulation,Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310018,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学机械工程学院,浙江杭州310023 [2]浙江方圆检测集团股份有限公司,浙江省市场监管新能源汽车驱动系统重点实验室,浙江杭州310018 [3]浙江理工大学机械与自动控制学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《机械传动》2022年第9期11-18,83,共9页Journal of Mechanical Transmission

基　　金：浙江省市场监督管理局科技计划项目(20190316);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB2000502-2)。

摘　　要：减速器传动效率是影响整个传动系统效率的主要因素,建立减速器传动效率模型,并对其影响因素进行分析,对于提升电动汽车用减速器传动效率意义重大。针对电动汽车用减速器的特点,分析了齿轮啮合损失、轴承损失、搅油风阻损失和油封损失4种因素对传动效率的影响,建立了传动效率计算模型,开展了润滑油、转速及转矩对电动汽车用单挡二级减速器传动效率影响的理论研究;搭建高速三轴综合性能检测台架,开展了模型精度及传动效率影响因素的正交试验研究。结果表明,所建模型的仿真结果最大相对误差为-0.59%,优于ISO/TR 14179—1:2001的-1.75%;随着转速增加,传动效率逐渐降低,对传动效率的影响程度最大;随着转矩增大,传动效率逐渐提升;润滑油温度越低,传动效率越低;润滑油牌号对传动效率影响不明显,润滑油黏度越小,传动效率越高,对传动效率的影响程度最小。The transmission efficiency of the reducer is the main factor affecting the efficiency of thewhole transmission system. Establishing the transmission efficiency model and analyzing the influencing factorson transmission efficiency are of great significance to improve the transmission efficiency of electric vehicles.According to the characteristics of electric vehicle reducer,four transmission efficiency loss factors includinggear meshing loss,bearing loss,oil stirring wind resistance loss and oil seal loss are analyzed and the transmis-sion efficiency calculation model is established. The lubricant,speed and torque are developed. The effects ofoil,speed and torque on the transmission efficiency of single gear two-stage reducer for electric vehicles arestudied theoretically. A high-speed three-axis comprehensive performance test bench is built and the orthogo-nal experimental research on the precision of an established model and the influencing factors of transmissionefficiency are performed. The theoretical and experimental research results show that:the maximum relativeerror of the established model is-0.59%,which is less than that of ISO/TR 14179—1:2001(-1.75%);as thespeed increases,the transmission efficiency gradually decreases;the speed has the greatest influence on trans-mission efficiency;as the torque increases,the transmission efficiency gradually increases;the lower the lubri-cating oil temperature is,the lower the transmission efficiency becomes;the influence of the lubricating oilgrade on the transmission efficiency is not obvious;the lower the lubricating oil viscosity is,the higher thetransmission efficiency becomes and the oil has the least influence on transmission efficiency.

关 键 词：电动汽车 减速器 传动效率 正交试验 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]