城市绿地中鸟类对海南蒲桃的取食和传播作用  

Fruit foraging and dispersal of Syzygium cumini by frugivorous birds in urban green space

作　　者：汪国海 董佩佩[1] 韦丽娟 黄秋婵[1] 韩巧 唐创斌 WANG Guohai;DONG Peipei;WEI Lijuan;HUANG Qiuchan;HAN Qiao;TANG Chuangbin(College of Chemistry and Bioengineering,Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities,Chongzuo 532200,Guangxi,China;College of Mathematics,Physics and Electronic Information Engineering,Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities,Chongzuo 532200,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西民族师范学院化学与生物工程学院,广西崇左532200 [2]广西民族师范学院数理与电子信息工程学院,广西崇左532200

出　　处：《生态科学》2022年第6期100-104,共5页Ecological Science

基　　金：广西民族师范学院博士科研启动项目(2018FG008,2021BS002);珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护重点实验室研究基金(20201125);广西壮族自治区教育厅第四批民族院校特色学科建设立项建设学科项目(民族生态学)。

摘　　要：海南蒲桃(Syzygium cumini)是亚热带地区城市绿地中常见的绿化植物,其果实数量多、果期长,可为鸟类提供大量食物资源。2020年6月—8月借助Safari 10×26变焦双筒望远镜,采用焦点扫描法对访问海南蒲桃果实(种子)的鸟类行为进行观察,详细记录鸟类的种类、取食基质、访问频次、取食时间、取食数量和取食方式等信息,探讨鸟类在海南蒲桃种子传播及种群更新中的生态作用。结果表明:成熟的海南蒲桃能吸引7种食果鸟类对其种子进行取食,其中白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)、红耳鹎(Pycnonotus jocosus)、白喉红臀鹎(Pycnonotus aurigaster)和黄臀鹎(Pycnonotus xanthorrhous)4种鸟类以整吞的方式取食海南蒲桃的种子,属于种子潜在传播者。不同种鸟类对海南蒲桃果实的取食频次间存在显著差异(t=4.310,df=6,P<0.01),平均访问只数、平均取食时间和平均取食量间存在极显著差异(P<0.001)。食果鸟类的形态特征(体长、体重和嘴峰大小)与取食数量间均呈正相关。鸟类主要以呕吐的方式传播海南蒲桃的种子,观察期间在鸟类取食后停歇的树木下方地面上常散落着较多表面洁净、无果肉包裹的裸露种子,且有大量的海南蒲桃幼苗成功更新,说明城市绿地中的植物是可以借助鸟类的取食和传播来实现其种群的更新。Jambolan jam(Syzygium cumini)is a common greening plant in urban green space with abundant fruits and a long fruit period,which is widely distributed in subtropical area.With Safari l0×26 zoom binoculars,the focus scanning method was adopted to observe the bird behavior of visiting Jambolan jam from June to August 2020.The information of bird species,foraging substrates,visiting frequency,foraging time,foraging amount and foraging methods was recorded to explore the ecological role of birds on seed dispersal and population regeneration of Jambolan jam.The results showed that Jambolan jam cloud attracted 7 species of frugivorous birds to feed on its fruit,and there were significant differences in the visiting frequency among different bird species(t=4.310,df=6,P<0.01).There were significant differences in the average number of visitors,average foraging time and average foraging amount among different birds(P<0.001).Chinese Bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis),Red-whiskered Bulbul(P.jocosus),Sooty-headed Bulbul(P.aurigaster)and Brown-breasted Bulbul(P.xanthorhous) swallowed the whole fruit, which were considered the potential seed dispersers of Jambolan jam. The morphological characteristics (body weight, body length and bill length) of birds were positively correlated with the foraging amount of the fruits. These birds dispersed seeds primarily by regurgitating them to the ground, many seeds with clean surface and no pulp wrapped, and regeneration seedlings were found under the trees acting as roosting site of birds during the observation period, which indicated that the plants in urban green space could realize the population regeneration by feeding and dispersal of birds.

关 键 词：海南蒲桃 食果鸟类 种子传播 城市绿地 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]