神圣哈姆莱特的自我解构  

Self-deconstruction of the Sacred Hamlet

作　　者：黄力之[1] HUANG Li-zhi(Department of Philosophy,Party School of the CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]中共上海市委党校哲学教研部,上海200233

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2022年第4期29-37,共9页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

摘　　要：哈姆莱特形象的不断构建是艺术史上的奇迹。中国的莎学长期受苏联莎学的影响,一个主要表现就是把哈姆莱特这个形象神圣化,认为哈姆莱特是人文主义的斗士。真正从作品出发,必定会对哈姆莱特形象去神圣化。不同于莎士比亚笔下的任何其他主人公,哈姆莱特其实是一个极其复杂的矛盾集合体。在了解父亲之死的真相之前,哈姆莱特强烈痛恨自己母亲的改嫁,乃基于基督教教义教规,其实违背人文精神。了解真相之后,哈姆莱特对叔父的痛恨其实在于自己嗣位权利的丧失,继承王位的问题始终是哈姆莱特思考的核心问题。而哈姆莱特复仇行动的延迟,并非真正在于对生存还是死去的哲学思考,而在于对末日审判的恐惧,他害怕死后遭遇炼狱的煎熬。对哈姆莱特形象去神圣化并不意味着否定作品的人文主义性质,作品的整体结构还是处处充溢了人文主义精神。The Shakespearean studies in China had long been influenced by the counterpart in the former Soviet Union.On of the major evidences is that the character of Hamlet had been sanctified so that Hamlet is regarded as a humanist fighter.Decanonizing of Hamlet must be done to approach the work in its own sense.Before learning about the truth of his father’s death,he had a deep loathing of his mother’s remarriage,which is a result of Christian preaching,yet a contradiction against human spirit.After the truth is exposed,Hamlet’s hatred in his uncle is actually another form of his repentance of the loss of his throne,which is always at the core of Hamlet’s contemplation.The delay in Hamlet’s revenge is not really caused by the philosophical thinking of the question of“To be or not to be”,but the fear for the Armageddon Judgment and the subsequent suffering in purgatory.The decanonizing of Hamlet is not to deny the humanist spirit of the work;on the other hand,the humanist spirit can be felt in the entire structure of the play.

关 键 词：哈姆莱特 人文主义精神 去神圣化 

分 类 号：G02[文化科学]