荷兰国家资格框架:目标、内容与特点  

The National Qualification Framework of Netherlands:Goal, Content, and Features

作　　者：周娜 唐慧 ZHOUNa;TANG Hui(Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学职业技术教育学院,上海201804 [2]莱顿大学ICLON教育研究院 [3]班贝格大学社会和经济科学学院,班贝格96052

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2022年第4期15-28,共14页Journal of Comparative Education

基　　金：2020年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“职业教育‘1+X’证书制度改革研究:职业资历框架的构建与应用”(项目编号:20YJC880107)。

摘　　要：2011年,荷兰正式建立国家资格框架,该框架是以学习成果为导向,整合教育与培训体系中各类资格标准的架构,涉及学生、教育与培训机构、雇员以及雇主等多个利益群体。荷兰国家资格框架包含入门等级与1-8等级,其中资格等级4被划分为资格等级4与4+。每个等级可以通过情景、知识、技能、责任与独立性四个维度来描述,其中技能维度又细分为知识应用、问题解决、学习与发展、信息和人际交流五个方面。综观荷兰国家资格框架,其特点可总结为:对接欧洲资格框架前提下创新资格等级,坚持学习成果导向基础上凸显技能特征,遵循准入制度条件下综合各类正规与非正规资格,保证利益群体参与构建与实施背景下建立专业组织机构负责协调管理。In 2011, the Netherlands established national qualification framework, which was learning outcome-oriented and integrated all types of qualifications in the education and training system. The Netherlands qualification framework is linked to several stakeholders,including students, educational and training institutions, employees, and employers. The framework comprises the entry level and the 1to 8levels, in which the 4level was divided into the 4and 4+level. Each level can be described in four dimensions: the context,knowledge, skills, and responsibility and independence, while the dimension of skills is classified as five aspects: knowledge-applying, problem-solving, learning and development,information, and interpersonal communication. Generally, the features of this framework can be concluded as: innovating qualification levels by referring to the European qualifications framework, addressing the dimension of skills based on the insistence in the oriention of learning outcomes, integrating the regulated and non-regulated qualifications with abiding by the access regulation, building the professional institutions for management in the context where stakeholders involved in the period of construction and implementation.

关 键 词：荷兰资格框架 资格等级 资格类型 

分 类 号：G53[文化科学—教育学]