不同生态环境对强筋小麦产量和品质的影响  

Effect of Different Ecological Environments on Yield and Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat

作　　者：张素瑜 靳海洋 崔静宇 秦峰[1] 李向东[1] 岳俊芹[1] 邵运辉[1] 王汉芳[1] 方保停[1] 张德奇[1] 杨程[1] ZHANG Suyu;JIN Haiyang;CUI Jingyu;QIN Feng;LI Xiangdong;YUE Junqin;SHAO Yunhui;WANG Hanfang;FANG Baoting;ZHANG Deqi;YANG Cheng(Wheat Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Wheat Yield‑Quality Simultaneous Improvement,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu 476000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院小麦研究所/农业农村部中原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站/河南省小麦产量-品质协同提升工程研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2022年第7期22-30,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中原科技创新领军人才计划项目(224200510028);中原青年博士后创新人才计划项目(ZYYCYU202012184);国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2020YFF0426480);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2022TD09)。

摘　　要：以强筋小麦品种郑麦366为材料,连续2个年度在河南省淇县、原阳、长葛、郸城、南阳5个试验点,分析不同环境下小麦产量和品质,筛选评价强筋小麦品质的代表性指标,并探究影响强筋小麦品质的生态环境因子,以期为优质强筋小麦的区域发展提供理论支撑。结果表明,2018—2019年度,原阳和南阳试验点的小麦产量显著高于淇县、长葛和郸城试验点;2019—2020年度,淇县、原阳和长葛试验点的小麦产量均显著高于郸城和南阳试验点。不同试验点和年际间小麦品质指标均有不同程度的差异,2018—2019年度,郸城试验点小麦蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、稳定时间、能量和最大拉伸阻力5个指标均未达标到强筋小麦标准,淇县试验点小麦的湿面筋含量、稳定时间未达到强筋小麦标准,除此之外均达到强筋小麦标准;2019—2020年度,仅淇县试验点小麦的湿面筋含量、长葛试验点小麦的稳定时间未达到强筋小麦标准,除此之外均达到强筋小麦标准。2个年度5个试验点间小麦品质指标的变异系数基本表现为弱化度>稳定时间>最大拉伸阻力>形成时间>恒定变形拉伸阻力>能量>湿面筋含量>蛋白质含量>延伸性>沉淀指数>吸水量、出粉率。小麦蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量与形成时间、稳定时间均呈极显著或显著正相关,与弱化度、出粉率均呈极显著负相关;延伸性与沉淀指数呈极显著正相关,与恒定变形拉伸阻力、最大拉伸阻力分别呈极显著、显著负相关。通过主成分分析,筛选出湿面筋含量、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度、能量、恒定变形拉伸阻力、最大拉伸阻力、延伸性、出粉率和吸水量共计10个贡献率较大的指标,可作为评价强筋小麦品质的指标。小麦蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与拔节期—开花期日照时间分别呈显著、极显著负相关;出粉率与拔节期—开花期日照时间呈显著正相关;�In order to provide theoretical support for the regional development of high-quality strong gluten wheat,the yield and quality of strong gluten wheat variety Zhengmai 366 were analyzed in five experimental sites including Qixian,Yuanyang,Changge,Dancheng and Nanyang in Henan Province for two consecutive years,the representative indexes for evaluating the quality of strong gluten wheat were screened,and the ecological and environmental factors affecting the quality of strong gluten wheat were explored.The results showed that,in 2018—2019,the wheat yields in the Yuanyang and Nanyang experimental sites were significantly higher than those in the Qixian,Changge and Dancheng experimental sites;in 2019—2020,the wheat yields in the Qixian,Yuanyang and Changge experimental sites were all significantly higher than those in the Dancheng and Nanyang experimental sites.There were differences in various degree in wheat quality indexes among different experimental sites and years.In2018—2019,the protein content,wet gluten content,stability time,energy and maximum resistance of wheat in the Dancheng experimental site did not reach the standard of strong gluten wheat,the wet gluten content and stability time of wheat in the Qixian experimental site did not reach the standard of strong gluten wheat,while all the others reached the standard of strong gluten wheat.In 2019—2020,only the wet gluten content of wheat in the Qixian experimental site and the stability time of wheat in the Changge experimental site did not reach the standard of strong gluten wheat,while all the others reached the standard of strong gluten wheat.The variation coefficients of wheat quality indexes in the two experimental years and five experimental sites were basically as follows:softening degree> stability time>maximum resistance>f ormation time> resistance at constant deformation> energy> wet gluten content>protein content> extensibility> sedimentation index> water absorption and flour yield.The wheat protein content and wet gluten content were ex

关 键 词：生态环境 强筋小麦 产量 面粉品质 品质稳定性 积温 日照时间 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]