低温条件下厌氧氨氧化技术的研究进展  

A review of anaerobic ammonia oxidation technology at low temperature

作　　者：刘煜 吕萍 徐慧 秦玉[1,2] 王亚博 LIU Yu;LYU Ping;XU Hui;QIN Yu;WANG Yabo(School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学土木工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2022年第5期85-94,共10页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52030003,51778604);宁夏回族自治区重大项目(2019BFG02032)。

摘　　要：厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonia oxidation,Anammox)技术作为可以实现高效脱氮的一种工艺,近些年广受大家关注。作为废水处理的升级技术,厌氧氨氧化细菌(anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AnAOB)是厌氧氨氧化技术的核心菌种,其生长的最适温度(30~35℃)远高于我国大部分污水处理厂的运行水温,无法满足大规模的投入使用。为了使厌氧氨氧化技术得到广泛应用,文章对低温条件下厌氧氨氧化工艺的进展,无机物及有机物等对厌氧氨氧化细菌的影响以及厌氧氨氧化反应器的应用进展进行系统的论述;重点提出了通过优化厌氧氨氧化反应器、改变启动条件、投加有机物或无机物,从而缩短在低温条件下反应器的启动时间以及强化AnAOB的富集。以期为低温下高氨氮废水的工程处理提供技术参考。Anaerobic ammonia oxidation(Anammox),a high-efficiency technology for nitrogen removal,is favored in recent years.Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria oxidizing bacteria(AnAOB)is the core bacteria in the anammox technology.Its optimal temperature(30~35℃)is much higher than the operating temperature of most wastewater treatment plants in China.It is impossible to achieve the large-scale use.In order that the anammox technology can be widely used,this paper systematically discussed the progress of anammox process at low temperature,the influence of inorganic and organic substances on anammox bacteria,and the application progress of anammox reactor.It was emphasized that by optimizing the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor,changing the start-up conditions and adding organic or inorganic substances,the start-up time of the reactor under low temperature conditions could be shortened and the enrichment of AnAOB could be strengthened.It is expected to provide a technical reference for the engineering treatment of high ammonia nitrogen wastewater at a low temperature.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 厌氧氨氧化细菌活性 厌氧氨氧化反应器 低温控制 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]